高考动词828个_高考专考动词

1.高考英语语法有哪些

2.高考语法填空常考知识点

3.高考英语语法辅导：非谓语动词做定语

4.高考英语语法： 接不定式和动名词含义相同的动词

5.英语高考必须掌握的所有系动词，谢谢，是所有的

6.高中英语情态动词讲解

7.一道英语高考单选题，动名词有关求解释！！

8.高考英语词组常考的高频固定搭配汇总

1 不定式作宾语

　1) 动词+ 不定式

　afford, aim, appear, agree, arrange, ask, be, decide, bother, care, choose, come, dare, demand, desire, determine, expect, elect, endeavor, hope, fail, happen, help, hesitate, learn, long, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wait, wish, undertake

　The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

　I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

　2) 动词+不定式;动词+宾语+不定式

　ask, beg, choose, expect, hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish

　I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。

　I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。

　I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。

　I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。

　3) 动词+疑问词+ to

　decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell

　Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。

　There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

　注意

　疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。如：The question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。

　2. 不定式作补语

　1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)

　advise, allow, appoint, believe, cause, challenge, command, compel, consider, declare, drive, enable, encourage, find, forbid, force, guess, hire, imagine, impel, induce, inform, instruct, invite, judge, know, like, order, permit, persuade, remind, report, request, require, select, send, state, suppose, tell, think, train, trust, understand, urge, warn

　a.Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。

　b.We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。

　Find 的特殊用法

　Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。

　I found him lying on the ground.

　I found it important to learn.

　I found that to learn English is important.

　典型例题

　The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.

　A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying

　答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。

　2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。

　acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel, find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand

　We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我们认为汤姆是班上的学生之一。

　典型例题

　Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.

　A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented

　答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。

　3) to be +形容词

　seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean

　The book is believed to be uninteresting. 人们认为这本书没什么意思。

　4) there be+不定式

　believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand

　We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。 注意

　有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.

　We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们的老师。

　Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。

　3. 不定式作主语

　1) It's easy (for me) to do that. 我做这事太容易了。

　easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough

　It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。

　It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。

　2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。

　kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)

　It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。

　It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 注意

　1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型

　2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。

　3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is? to?的句型

　(对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。(错)It is to believe to see.

　It's for sb.和 It's of sb.

　1) for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

　It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

　2) of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

　It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

　for 与of 的辨别方法

　用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)

　4. 不定式作表语

　不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：

　My work is to clean the room every day.

　His dream is to be a doctor.

　5. 不定式作定语

　不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：

　I have a lot of work to do.

　So he made some candles to give light.

　6. 不定式作状语

　1) 目的状语

　To? only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)? as to? (如此以便) He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

　I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。

　2) 作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。

　What have I said to make you angry.

　He searched the room only to find nothing.

　3) 表原因

　I'm glad to see you.

　典型例题

　The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.

　A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on

　答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。

　用作介词的to

　to 有两种用法：一为不定式+动词原形; 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：admit to承认，confess to承认，be accustomed to 习惯于，be used to 习惯于，stick to 坚持，turn to开始，着手于，devote oneself to 献身于，be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望，pay attention to

　注意

　省to 的动词不定式

　1) 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：

　2) 使役动词 let, have, make：

　3) 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。

　注意

　在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。

　I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.

　The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.

　4) would rather，had better：

　5) Why? / why not?：

　6) help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：

　7) but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。

　8) 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：

　9) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。举例：He wants to move to France and marry the girl. He wants to do nothing but go out. 比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.

　典型例题

　1) ---- I usually go there by train.

　---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?

　A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going

　答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。

　2) Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.

　A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

　答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。

　动词不定式的否定式

　Tell him not to shut the window?

　She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。

　典型例题

　1) Tell him ___ the window.

　A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut

　答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.

　2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by.

　A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen

　答案：A。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。

　3) Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.

　A. never to drive B. to never driver C. never driving D. never drive

　答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never.

　4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.

　A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to

　答案：A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此B，D不对。

　5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.

　A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating

　答案：C。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。 不定式的特殊句型too?to?

　1) too?to 太?以至于?

　He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。

　---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?

　---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。

　2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为"不太"。

　It's never too late to mend. (谚语) 改过不嫌晚。

　3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常? 等于very。

　I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。

　He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。

　不定式的特殊句型so as to

　1) 表示目的;它的否定式是so as not to do。

　Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job. 汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。

　Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。

　2) so kind as to ---劳驾

　Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾，现在几点了。

　不定式的特殊句型Why not

　"Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不?" "干吗不?"

　例如：Why not take a holiday? 干吗不去度假?

高考英语语法有哪些

高考必考十种时态英语是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、 将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时、将来完成时。

一般现在时

1、概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

2、时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year month...), once a week, on Sundays,

3、基本结构:动词 原形(如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)

4、否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

5、一般疑问句:把be动词放干句首:用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同

时，还原行为动词。

6、例句:It seldom snows here.

He is always ready to help others

Action speaks louder than words.

二、一般过去时:

1、概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

2、时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year night month.?.) just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

3、基本结构:be动词;行为动词 的过去式

4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

5、一般疑问句:was或were放于句首:用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。

6、例句:She often came to help us in those days。

I didn't know you were so busy。

高考语法填空常考知识点

一．非谓语动词

一．不定式：

一）不定式的常考形式：

1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.

被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.

语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生

2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.

被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.

语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前

二）不定式常考的考点：

1）不定式做定语----将要发生

2）不定式做状语----目的

3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.

三)不定式的省略

1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel

+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；

+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.

昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）

" 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.

2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to

I 'd like to have John do it.

I have my package weighed.

Paul doesn't have to be made to learn.

3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do

四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：

want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do

force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do

be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do

We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET

1995）

A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met （Key：C）

五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式

accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。

He needs (a lot of) encouraging.

二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词

1)是名词 seeing is believing

2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.

一)动名词的形式:

一般形式：I don't like you smoking.

完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.

被动形式：This question is far from being settled.

二) 动名词常考的点

1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数

2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词

3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.

I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．（MET 1992）

A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对）

I regret not having taken your advice.

4)有些词后只能接动名词

admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...

另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：

it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...

5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可

remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。

I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作)

I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作)

forgot remember的用法类似。

I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你…

I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。

try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.

try -ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。

prefer的用法：

我宁愿在这里等。

3 分词：

现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态

现在分词的形式:

1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生)

2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)

3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)

过去分词

1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.

2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)

这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系--主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。

二：虚拟语气和情态动词

情态动词的基本用法及其区别

最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别，因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变，在高考试题中，命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词，除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外，还要充分利用高考试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。

一、用"情态动词＋have ＋done"结构表示对过去动作的推测，高考试题中常用过去时态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的这一用法可以用 "对立统一"来概括。

1．当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明，且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时，我们可用"统一"关系来解决这样的试题。常见的结构有：

must have done：

表示对过去动作的肯定推测，常译作"一定做了……"，只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can't／couldn't have done?

疑问式为Can／Could...have done？。

could ／might have done：表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测，常译作"可能做了……"。如：

1) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he

＿＿＿＿＿ your lecture． ?(上海 2000)

A． couldn't have attended

B． needn't have attended

C． mustn't have attended

D． shouldn't have attended

本题选A。

2) Jack ＿＿＿＿ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me． (上海'97

A． mustn't have arrived

B． shouldn't have arrived

C． can't have arrived

D． need not have arrived （C）

2．当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时，常借助"but, however, instead"等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符，这时我们就可以用"对立"关系来解决这样的试题。这种结构常见的有：

should have done ／ ought to have done：表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。

should not have done ／ ought not to have done：表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。

由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系，分析题意可知本题应选C。

二、考查情态动词基本用法之间的比较和辨析。最近几年高考试题中常借助具体的语境来考查考生对那些最常见的情态动词的基本用法的理解和掌握，因此在做这样的试题时应认真分析语境中所含的实际意义，并结合情态动词的基本含义和用法做出正确的选择。

虚拟语气

" 最自然的虚拟状态：由should/would+原型时态（不含时间只含状态）

本质上是过去将来时：即，时间固定在过去将来，状态不同：一般、进行、完成、完成进行。

这时"虚拟语气"的产生往往是因为我们要表达"本来应该……"（而现在却还没有……）

（本来可以……，本来能……）

一些常见的句型中，就会出现这种虚拟语气，而处于从句之中，should 常常被省略掉

o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;

o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;

o require, request;

o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.

由于他们的含义中包含"建议，假设，应该"这类的含义，所以，由他们引起的从句中，就会包含有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气。

这些动词（以及他们的名次形式，分词形式）引起的从句还有其他的变形

主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句

It's suggested that…

My suggestion is that…

The only suggestion that...

The only suggestion I can give you now is that…

一些形容词引起的表语从句中，也会有同样的情况

important; necessary; essential

It's natural ; strange; incredible that

a pity; a shame; no wonder

? 由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用should

" 表达与事实相反

1. 与现在相反：使用[过去时]：

I wish I were not here! (一般现在'一般过去)

Suppose we were not here.

He loved me as if I were his own son. (一般现在'一般过去)

Hope I weren't always losing things! (现在进行'过去进行)

If only/If I hadn't been there! (现在完成'过去完成)

What if I hadn't been waiting right here! (现在完成进行'过去完成进行)

常考句型：It's (high) time (that)…; would rather (that)…

这两个从句，只能表达对现在的看法，所以，从句中只有一般过去时。

2. 与过去相反：过去完成时；

3. 与将来相反？将来的事情没有发生，所以只能推测且实现可能很小

I wish he could not smoke any more.

不过，由于可以用be to表示将来；所以，虚拟语气中经常出现were to；也是CET-4的常考语法点。

" 虚拟条件句

o if 部分，做一个与事实相反的假设（所以只有一般过去和过去完成）

o 主句部分，这是表示基于这个假设的推测，一般使用情态动词would，少数情况下使用could/might/should。

o 注意：两个部分之间，是有逻辑关系，而在两部分的谓语动词时态上，没有必然的联系。

" 注意，虚拟条件句中的if可以省略，造成were/had提前，产生倒装。

" 隐含的非真实条件 :由特殊的词给出条件: with, without, in , but for, otherwise, or

How could I be happy without you? In his shoes, I would kill myself.

But for the storm, we would have arrived.

三、一致关系

一)主谓一致

1． 主谓一致（与插入语无关）

1主谓的分隔原则：主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。

2定语从句中的主谓一致：

3随前一致：

n. + together with n2

as well as

including

along with

with / of

accompanied with / by

4就近原则：n1 or n2 +v（就近原则）

either n1 or n2

5可数n1 and 可数n2+v(pl)

不可数n1 and 不可数n2+v(pl)

例外：war and peace is… war and peace是一个整体

但是如果主语表示的是同一个概念，同一人，同一事的时候，谓语动词用单数，这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.

The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.

The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.

类似的还有：law and order bread and

butter black and white

To love and to be loved is …

A lawyer and a teacher are…

A lawyer and teacher is …

6随后原则：not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B一致)

7百分比结构：most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent

of+n1+v.（由n1决定

8倒装结构的主谓一致：

a）There be +n 由名词决定动词

b）Among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构：

Among / Between …+系动词+n. （由名词决定动词）

9The+adj的主谓一致：

a）当表示"一类人"，

b）当表示某一抽象概念时

The good is always attractive.

10 To do/doing/主从+vs

*More than one+n

many a +n.

a day or two

二)、倒装

1 全部倒装

是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：Up went the plane = the plane went up.

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

2) 表示运动方向的副词(back, down, off, up)或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。

注意：1) 上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能倒装。Here he comes. Away they went. 2) 谓语动词是be的时候，不能倒装。 Here it is. Here you are.

3） 形容词短语/分词短语位于句首，引起倒装

*typical of characteristic of

*coinciding with + n

4） 表示地点范围的介词短语位于句首，谓语动词为系动词，一定引起倒装

In…（表语）+系动词+主，主同。

*在倒装句型答案中不能出现there

*常考介词要倒装：among between in at beneath

常考的系动词：be lie exist remain rest

部分倒装

1． 否定 adv 位于句首，引起倒装：not only, not until, hardly, scarcely,

seldom, rarely, no sooner…than

1） not until + 时间 + 主谓倒装，not until + 句子+主谓倒装

2） only+状语位于句首

only +ad. eg: recently

prep.短短语 eg: in recently years

从句 eg: when clause

only一个词本身不倒装

3） 在比较级结构中，than后面可以倒装，也可以不倒装。

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

? 1) Neither, nor, so 表示前面句子的共同否定或者肯定，产生倒装，一般主动词提前，谓语动词的其他部分就

4) as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。

as〔让步〕虽然，尽管〔词序倒装。语气比 though 强〕。

Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽成功，却不骄傲。

Women as she is, she's every brave.

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意：A) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。B) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

5) 其他部分倒装

a) so… that 句型中的so; such… that句型中的such位于句首时，需倒装。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

b) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.

c) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again.

四、复合句

从句可分为：

? 名词性从句' 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

? 形容词性从句'定语从句

? 副词性从句'状语从句

" 常考的关系代词：that; which; who/whom/whose; where; when; what; as。

" 常见的同位语从句现行词（that之前的抽象名词）：fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding…

" 常用的引导词

o 时间状语从句：while; when; before; whenever; as; after; till; until; since; once; ever since; as/so long as; as soon as; no sooner… than; hardly… when; scarcely/barely… when; the moment/minute/instant; on (the point of) doing…

o 地点状语从句：where; wherever

o 原因状语从句：because; since; as; seeing that; considering that; now that; in that; for fear that; lest; owing to the fact that; because of the fact that; due to the fact that…

o 方式状语从句：as; as if; as though; how; save that…

o 比较状语从句：as; than; as… as; not so… as; hardly… than;

o 结果状语从句：so that; so… that; such… that; so as to…

o 条件状语从句：if; unless; in case; so long as; so far as; provided/providing/that; supposing; granted/granting that…; giving that…

o 让步状语从句：though; although; even if; even though; whether; as; however; no matter (what, how, when); for all that; in spite of the fact that; granted that; regardless of the fact that…

o 目的状语从句：that; so that; in order that; lest; for the fear that; in case…

定语从句:

which 引导的定语从句结构

1）which是关系代词，which后面应该加缺主语或者宾语的句子，

在这个句子中，which要作成分，作主语或者宾语

2）in which+完整的句子

which在定语从句中作in的宾语，所以不能作后面句子的主语

3）名词+of which+谓语动词

of which来修饰名词，名词在定语从句中作主语，所以后面直接跟谓语动词

I have five books three of which are borrowed from Mary.

4）介词+ which +to do 其功能相当于定语从句。

The key with which to open the door is lost.

5）定语从句的省略结构：

1． 如果that / which在定从中作 宾语，可以省略.

sub+vt+n+(which / that)+sub+vt

→s+vt+n+s+v

s+vt+n1+n2+vt

*当做题时，若发现两个名词在一起，但是似乎连不上，则一定省略that /

which，则动词为vt，做谓语。

6）定从的特殊省略

the way (in which) + 句子

the reason (why that)+句子 均为完整句

the time (that / when)+句子

I do remember the first time (that省) I ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.

By the time省that+句子，句子。

7）定从的主系省略（主+系可同时省）

即：which be , who be , that be可同时省

状语从句省略结构

这种省略从句主语的方式理论上需要满足以下两个条件：

第一、特定的状语从句引导词：although though even though when while if as

第二、从句主语和主句主语必须保持一致；

第三、从句的谓语必须是be动词，主语和be动词同进同出，比如上面的they和are要么同时省略，要么同时保留。

高考英语插入语及插入句的用法

在NMET中，插入语屡见不鲜，由于插入语通常与句中其它成分没有语法上的关系，因此给考生的理解带来一定困难。插入语多半用逗号与句子隔开，用来表示说话者对句子所表达的意思的态度。插入语可能是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。

一、常用做插入语的副词

indeed的确， surely无疑， however然而， obviously显然， frankly坦率地说， naturally自然， luckily (或happily) for sb.算某人幸运， fortunately幸好， strangely奇怪， hone stly真的， briefly简单地说等。

1. Surely， she won?t go to China Telecom with you.

当然她不会和你一起去中国电信。

2. Strangely， he has not been to China Unicom. Still more strangely， he has not called me.

奇怪，他未来过中国联通。更奇怪，他没给我打电话。

3. Fortunately， I found the book that I?d lost.

幸亏我找到了已丢失的那本书。

二、常见的作插入语的形容词或其短语

true真的， funny真可笑， strange to say说也奇怪， needless to say不用说， most impor tant of all最为重要， worse still更糟糕的等。

1. Strange to say (或True)， he should have done such a thing.

说也奇怪(或真的)，他竟然做出这样的事。

2. Most important of all， you each over?fulfilled your own task.

更为重要的，你们各自超额完成了自己的任务。

三、常用作插入语的介词短语

in a few words(或in sum， in short)简而言之， in other words换句话说， in a sense在某种意义上， in general一般说来， in my view在我看来， in his opinion(judgment)按照他的意见(判断)， in conclusion总之， in summary概括地说， in fact事实上， in the first place首先， in addition此外， of course当然， to our knowledge据我们所知， to my joy(delight， satisfaction)使我欣慰(高兴、满意)的， to their surprise(astonis hment， amazement)使他们惊奇的， to her regret (disappointment)使她遗憾(失望)的， for instance(或example)例如， as a matter of fact事实上等。

高考英语语法辅导：非谓语动词做定语

高考语法填空常考知识点如下：

高考语法填空考察分为两类：第一类无词的、第二类有词的。冠词，主要考察the，a，an及零冠词。冠词在高考中可能占两分，即单选和改错。

动词，主要包括动词时态、语态、主谓一致、动词及动词词组辨析和非谓语动词。在单选中，动词的考察频率最大，一般在6分左右。

代词，一般在考察句子结构中考察。名词，名词的辨析是考察重点。短语的用法，包括动词短语、介词短语等等，一般的短语都有固定含义，需要准确记忆。句子结构，重点考察复合句（名词性从句、定语从句及状语从句）、强调句、倒装等等问题。交际用语。

无词的。主要考察虚词如限定词（包括冠词，形容词性物主代词），介词，连词（包括并列连词and but or 等还包括从属连词涉及从句），代词。

有词的。主要考察动词。时态--主要考察过去式，近两年进行时和完成时也有涉及、被动语态、主谓一致。

还会考察词性变换。形容词和副词之间的变换（形容词和副词的考察还会涉及到最高级比较级）、形容词和名词之间的、名词和动词之间的（这类在高考中比较少，因为动词有自己的考点，但在模拟练习中会出现）。

高考英语语法： 接不定式和动名词含义相同的动词

南开中学 李士明

非谓语动词做定语

直接修饰名词的成分称为定语，一般由形容词或名词担当，也可以分别由不定式、分词或动名词等非谓语动词来担当。那么如何区别并正确使用非谓语动词呢？

NON-FINITES

1. 现在分词与过去分词的区别

我们知道非谓语动词都源于及物和不及物两种谓语动词，要了解现在分词与过去分词的区别就要从谓语动词的基本属性开始。

1)及物动词 (v.t.)

及物动词的主语我们称为动作的发出者(sender)，宾语称为动作的承受者(receiver)。

例如：

The news surprised

动词+ing (发出者) 及物动词v.t.

the students.

动词+ed (承受者)

Surprise是及物动词， 在使用surprise这个动词的非谓语分词形式时，修饰动作发出者news用现在分词形式(动词+ing)，修饰动作的承受者用过去分词形式(动词+ed)。

●They are talking about the surprising news. (surprising做定语修饰发出者news)

The news is surprising. (surprising做表语修饰发出者news)

They are talking about the surprised students. (surprised做定语修饰承受者students)

The students are surprised. (surprised做表语修饰承受者students)

再来看几个例子：

●exciting games激烈精彩的比赛, excited spectators激情振奋的观众

●disappointing results令人沮丧的结果, disappointed people大失所望的人们

●exhausting work令人疲惫不堪的工作, exhausted workers筋疲力尽的工人

●moving stories感人肺腑的故事, moved students感激涕零的学生

从以上例子可见，现在分词和过去分词都可以用作形容词来修饰名词，修饰动作发出者用现在分词，修饰动作承受者用过去分词。要特别注意的是，依据被修饰的名词是人还是物来判断现在分词和过去分词的用法是不准确的。

例如： They complicated the situation by introducing some more restriction.

他们采用了一些更多的限制把形势复杂化了。

及物动词complicate的发出者是人they, 而承受者是物。因此，“复杂恶化的形势”应译为the complicated situation，“形势是令人棘手的” 应译为The situation is complicated.

从这个例子可以清楚地看出，如果根据中文，很容易将“令人棘手的形势”错误地理解为 “complicating situation”。

再比如我们常用的：

a broken cup 一个破杯子; spoken English英语口语;exported products出口产品。

因此，准确了解所修饰的名词与及物动词的关系，是正确使用及物动词的现在分词和过去分词的关键。

2) 不及物动词(v.i.)

不及物动词只有动作的发出者，不存在动作的承受者。因此，不及物动词的现在分词源于进行时，表示动作正在进行，而过去分词则源于完成时，表示动作已完成。

例如：

●He looked at the leaves which are falling in the air.(从句用进行时修饰名词the leaves)

他看着空气中飘然下落的叶子。

=He looked at the leaves falling in the air.(现在分词短语修饰名词the leaves表示进行)

=He looked at the falling leaves in the air. (现在分词修饰名词the leaves表示进行)

●He walked on the leaves which had fallen on the ground.(从句用完成时修饰名词the leaves) 他走在地面的落叶上。

He walked on the leaves fallen on the ground.(过去分词短语修饰名词leaves表示过去)

He walked on the fallen leaves on the ground. (过去分词修饰名词leaves表示过去)

●the rising sun. = the sun that is rising. 冉冉升起的太阳

the risen sun = the sun that has risen. 已经升在天空的太阳

●boiling water = water which is boiling. 沸腾的水

boiled water = water which has boiled 开过的水

2. 不同形式不定式做定语的区别

动词不定式的一般式可以用做形容词，担当名词的定语, 表示将要发生的动作，不定式的进行式和完成式都不可以用作定语。

1)及物动词不定式一般式主动to do sth和被动to be done 两种形式的区别。

例如：

●Have you anything to send? = Have you anything that you will send?

你有什么东西要(自己)寄吗？(主动含义，动作由you自己去完成)

(to send做定语, 源于定语从句that you will send, 修饰先行词anything, 表示将来。)

●Have you anything to be sent (by others)?=Have you anything that will be sent(by others)?

你有什么东西要(我或别人)寄吗？(被动含义，动作由他人others去完成)

(to be sent做定语, 源于定语从句that will be sent, 修饰先行词anything, 表示将来。)

从以上两个例子可以看出，不定式的主动形式to send来源于主动语态的定语从句。

而不定式的被动形式to be sent来源于被动语态的定语从句, 不能错误地认为to send 是主动形式表示被动，准确地讲应该牢记主动形式的不定式源于主动语态的从句，被动形式的不定式则源于被动语态的从句，两者绝不可以混淆。

●I have some books for you to read. = I have some books that you should read.

我有几本书希望你读一读。

(for you to read做定语, 源于定语从句that you should read, 修饰先行词books, 表示将来。原从句的主语you在不定式的前面以for you 的形式出现，担当不定式的逻辑主语。)

2)不及物动词不定式一般式做定语

当不及物动词做定语时, 后面必须有相应的介词与前面所修饰的名词相呼应, 从汉语角度理解，而忽略了必要的介词是不及物动词做定语时常见的错误。

例如：

●He is looking for a room to live in.= He is looking for a room which he will live in.

他现在正在找房间住。

(to live in做定语, 源于定语从句which he will live in, 修饰先行词room, 表示将来。)

●Would you like to have another pen to write with? ( to write with the pen)

你需要再准备一支笔用吗？

●Smith is a good man to work with. ( to work with the man)

与史密斯一起工作是再好不过了。

●Lei Feng is a brilliant example for us to learn from. ( to learn from the example)

雷锋是我们学习的光辉榜样。

●Can you lend me a chair to sit on?

您可以借给我一把椅子坐吗？

●Global Financial Crisis is a hot topic to talk about today. ( to talk about the topic)

全球性金融危机是当前人们谈论的热点话题。

英语高考必须掌握的所有系动词，谢谢，是所有的

高考英语语法：接不定式和动名词含义相同的动词

　这类动词主要有like(喜欢)，love(喜欢)，hate(憎恨)，prefer(宁可)，begin(开始)，start(开始)，continue(继续)，can’t bear(不能忍受)，bother(麻烦)，intend(想要)，attempt(试图)，cease(停止)等。如：

He likes to sing [singing]. 他喜欢唱歌。

It has started to rain [raining]. 开始下雨了。

You needn’t bother to come up [coming up]. 你不必费心来了。

The baby continued to cry [crying] all night. 这孩子哭了一整夜。

几点说明

(1) 当 like, love, hate, prefer 与 would, should 连用时，其后只能接不定式。如：

I’d like to tell you something. 我想告诉你一些情况。

I’d hate to spend Christmas alone. 我不喜欢一个人过圣诞节。

(2) 当 begin, start 本身为进行时态或后接 know, realize, understand 等静态动词时，其后的动词只能用不定式。如：

He was beginning to cook. 他开始做饭。

He started to realize that he was wrong. 他开始意识到自己错了。

高中英语情态动词讲解

系动词

系动词又称联系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（也称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：

He fell illyesterday.

（fall是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况

He fell off theladder.

（fall是实义动词，单独作谓语。）

1）状态系动词

用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：

He is a teacher.

（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）

2）持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：

He always keptsilent at meeting.

This matter restsa mystery.

3）表像系动词

用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：

He looks tired.

He seems (to be)very sad.

4）感官系动词

主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：

This kind of clothfeels very soft.

This flower smellsvery sweet.

5）变化系动词

表示主语变成什么样，有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,run

He became madafter that.

She grew richwithin a short time.

6）终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：

The rumor provedfalse.

The search proveddifficult. 搜查证实很难。

His plan turnedout a success. （turn out表终止性结果）

I、常见系动词错误及其成因：

（1）漏掉系动词

I afraid he won'tcome tomorrow .

( 2 )误用系动词

His hair changedgrey .(混淆了change 与turn，grow)

I.系动词分类：

一、根据系动词后所跟结构，分为两大类：完全系动词（其后只能跟表语的动词，如be）和半系动词（其后既可跟表语作系动词用法，也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用，如look）

He looked sad atthe news.

（“看起来”，系动词用法）

He looks at aclever boy.

（“看着”，实义动词用法）

在英语中，某一动词是多义词，既有实义动词用法，又有系动词用法。常见的有：

listen， look ，touch ，hear，see ，sound ，feel， taste ，remain ，keep，stay， turn，become

二、根据系动词的意义，分为四类：

A．五大感官系动词 B．状态系动词

C．动态系动词 D．双谓语系动词

A．五大感官系动词，描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来，都是半系动词

1．look“看起来像是”，后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。

The girl bit herlips and looked thoughtful.

2．smell“闻起来”，后接adj.，分词。

The flowers smellsweet.

3．sound“听起来”，后接adj.，分词。

The music soundssweet.

4．taste“尝起来”，后接adj.，分词。

The apples tastevery good.

5．feel①“摸起来，给……感觉”；②“觉得”，后接adj

The silk feelsvery soft.

You will feelbetter after a night’s sleep.

B．状态系动词：

1．be，“是”，完全系动词。

I am a student.

2．seem,“似乎，好像”，完全系动词。

They seem quitehappy.

3．appear,“显得，看起来好像”，半系动词。

He appeared tiredand sleepy.

It appeared(tobe)a true story.

Now it appears tome that he may play an important part in settling the problem. （在我看来）

4．keep, “保持……的状态”，半系动词，后接adj或介词短语。

You’d better go to bed and keep warm.

5．remain,“仍是”，半系动词。

I remained silent.

6．stay“保持（某种状态）”，半系动词，后接adj.、过去分词。

The window stayedopen all the night.

7.prove “证明是”，半系动词，后接adj.，n.

The treatmentproved to be successful.

C．动态系动词：都属于半系动词，描述状态变化过程。

1．get“变成，变得……起来”，后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。

The days aregetting longer and longer.

The train didn’t get going again.

It’s nothing to get excited about.

My watch gets outof order.

2．fall“进入（某种状态），成为”，后常接以下形容词：

asleep, silent,ill, sick

The old man,unable to express himself, fell silent.

My father fell illand died.

3．grow“渐渐变得……起来，长得”

You will grow usedto it.

It’s growing warm.

4．turn“转变成（新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质），变质（色）”。

Maple trees turnred in autumn.

It was cloudy thismorning, but fortunately it has turned fine.

He has turnedwriter.

（注意：此时writer之前无冠词a.）

5．go，“变成（某种坏的状态）”

The telephone hasgone dead.

The material hasgone a funny colour. (奇怪)

go之后常接的adj. 还有：bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry,mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey

6．become“变成，成为（好坏均可的情况）”

He became angrywith me.

It became dark.

They became goodfriends.

I becameinterested in drawing.

7．come，“变成为（已知的状态），证实为”，后接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语，表示状态或情况的变化。

His wish to becomea pilot has come true.

If you look intothe matter, everything will come clear.

My shoelaces havecome undone.

后面常接的形容词还有：apart, dear（昂贵），natural,open, untied（松开）。

8．run,“变成”，后接adj.

The well has rundry.

The price ranhigh.

9．make，“达到某种状态[后接形容词]，如sure, certain, merry, bold, free

We must makecertain of facts.

我们一定要弄清事实。

The Children makefree with the apples.

孩子们随便吃苹果。

D．双谓语系动词

此类系动词既有系动词的功能，后接表语，又保留原实义动词本身的含义。例如：

The run rose red. 太阳升起红艳艳。

She stopped andstood quite still.

The book lay openon the table.

The snow lay thickon the ground.

He marriedyoung.

The window blew open.

III．系动词用法应注意的八个问题

1．系动词的进行时态应分情况讨论

一般，状态系动词无进行时态，而动态系动词有进行时态。但在某些情况下，状态系动词也有进行时态，表示两个用途：

(1)表示一种短暂的、反常的状态。如：

He is being kind.

他装出和蔼可亲的样子（一时而不能持久的性质）

(2)表示一种探询口气，使语言客气、生动、亲切。例如：

I hope you arekeeping well.

（语气委婉）

Are you feelingany better?

（语气亲切）

试比较：

Your hand feelscold.

你的手摸起来冰凉（无意识的静态性质）

不可以说：

Your hand isfeeling cold.(×)

The doctor isfeeling her pulse.

医生正在给她把脉（有意识的动态动作）

The soup tastesgood.

这汤的味道不错（静态性质，无进行时）

The cook istasting the soup.厨师在尝汤的味道。（动态动作，有进行时）

总之，系动词有无进行时态应随系动词的意义或其语境变化而变化。在概述某一动词的进行时态时，不能笼统地说feel，smell无进行时，应指出其意义及其语用环境。以smell为例

①smell作“嗅觉”的能力时，虽是实义动词，但指的是一种性质的存在状态不能用于进行时态，常与can, could, be able to连用。

The camels cansmell the water a mile off.

骆驼能嗅出一英里外有水。

②指“嗅、闻”的动作时，实义动词，可用于进行时态。

The girl issmelling the flower.

③smell指“含有……气味”，“发出……气味”等事物性质时，半系动词，无进行时态。

The dinner smellsgood.

2．系动词的时态与形容词的比较级连用的问题

某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用，表示渐进过程，其意思是“越来越……”。

He is growingtaller and taller.

Our life isgetting better and better.

The things aregetting worse.

3．所有半系动词的被动语态要分情况讨论

某动词在作系动词用时，无被动语态，而作实义动词用时，才有被动语态

不能说： The apple is tasted good.

（因为taste此时是系动词，“尝起来”之意，指的是苹果的性质，无被动语态）

但可以说： The apple is tasted by me.

（taste此时指“尝一尝”这一动作，有被动语态）

因此要注意半系动词在具体的语言环境中到底是系动词用法还是实义动词用法

4．瞬间动态系动词能否与时间段连用的问题

某些表示瞬间意义的系动词不能与“for+时间段，since+时间点，how long until+时间,by + 时间，so far”直接连用

①不能说：

He has become ateacher for 2 years.

应改为：

He has been ateacher for 2 years.

②不能说：He has turned writer since 3 years ago.

应改为：He has been a write since 3 years ago.

或It is two years since he turned writer.

③不能说：He got angry until his child came backhome.

应改为：He didn’t getangry until his child came back home.

5．系动词能接几种表语（从句）

系动词除了接adj.\n.\介词短语，某些adv.以外，还可接以下几种表语形式：

①能接as if/as though表语从句的系动词有：look，smell，sound，feel；appear（显得），seem（似乎）

It looks as if weare going to have snow.

He looked as if hehad just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.

It seems as if it werespring already.

②可用于“It+系动词+that从句”结构的有：seem, appear, 不可用be, look

It seemed that hehad made some serious mistakes in his work.

It appeared thathe was talking to himself.

③能用不定式作表语的系动词有：be, seem, get, look, appear, prove, grow.

Her job is to lookafter the children.

He looks to be ayoung girl of twenty.

④能与there连用的系动词有：be,appear, seem.

There appeared tobe only one room.

There seems(tobe)no need to go.

6．能用两种否定形式的系动词有两个：seem, appear.

It doesn’t seem that we can get our money back.

= It seems that wecan’t get our money back.

He seems not to beher father.

= He doesn’t seem to be her father.

The baby doesn’t appear to be awake.

= The baby appearsnot to be awake.

7、几组易混系动词的区别

系动词的区别主要从两个方面作比较，一是其意义，二是其结构。

1）get, become, go, turn, grow“变成”

get：“变得”口语。后接形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式作表语，但不能与名词直接连用。

become：“变成，成为（好坏情况均可）。”后接形容词、名词、过去分词作表语，不能与不定式连用。

go：“变成（某种由好到坏的情况）”，后接形容词、过去分词、名词作表语。

Turn：“转变成”强调与原来不同的、新的变化，如变质、变色等。后接形容词、不带冠词的名词作表语，后不接不定式。

grow：“逐渐变得……”，强调其变化过程。后接形容词、分词、不定式，不可直接跟名词。

2）look, seem, appear“好像”

三者作系动词时在意义上的区别：

look：“好像，看起来”，一般用于非正式场合，侧重指从本身外表特征上由视觉得到的印象。

seem ：“似乎，好像”，指说话人内心的估计与判断，有一定依据，接近于实际情况。

appear：“显得，好像”，常用于正式文体中，指某事物或人给他人的表面印象，有时含有实质上并非如此之意。

He looks like hisfather. （指其长相看起来相像）

He seems like hisfather. （指说话人从个性方面得到的判断）

He appears likehis father.（指他的外貌、衣着给他人的印象）

3）keep, remain, stay“保持……状态”

①keep作系动词时，“保持……状态”，后接adj.或介词短语：alive,awake,cheerful,silent,dry,well,fit,fine,close,clean,happy

Have you kept wellall these years?

I hope it willkeep fine.

In order to keepfit, all students go in for sports.

We’d better keep in touch.

②remain，系动词“仍然存在……状态”，后接adj.、过去分词、名词或介词短语，强调某种状态前后无变化。

The door remainedclosed.

门仍然关着。

Your room remainslike this.

你的房间依旧是这样子。

③stay，作系动词用时“保持……状态”，后接形容词、分词。

That fellow stayedsingle.

那个小伙子仍保持单身。

It’s easy to stay hidden.

躲起来很容易。

后常接的形容词有：calm, clean, fresh, healthy, young, open,awake, warm, fine, 常可与keep互换。如：

Stay/keepcalm(clean, fine, healthy, awake等)

①What you have said_______.

A．is soundedinteresting

B．soundsinteresting

C．soundinterested

D．listensinterested

②The class begins. Please keep________.

A．silent B．silence

C．the silence D．silently

③Look! Several people in the crowdseemed_______.

A．to be fighting B．to havefought

C．being fought D．havingfought

④How _____the song she sings sounds! I havenever ______a better voice.

A．beautifully, sounded

B．beautiful, sounded

C．sweet, listened to

D．sweet, heard

⑤Her feeling about the marriage ______ratherstrange.

A．is looked B．is seemed

C．seems D．isappeared

⑥John _____driver since two months ago.

A．became a B．has becomea

C．has turned D．has been a

⑦The ice_____ thick on the river.

A．is lain

B．lay

C．laid

D．lie

一道英语高考单选题，动名词有关求解释！！

情态动词讲解 一can 1.表"能力"I can lift the stone. I can speak English while he can't. Who can play the violin? He got up early yesterday so that he could catch the early bus.

could 表过去的能力。

注；1。can 与be able to表能力时的区别：

① 形式上；can有两种形式can 与could，而be able to有更多的形式。

is(are)able to, was able to ,, has been able , will be able to , would be able to 等。

be able to 只表能力而can 还可表"可能性"，"惊异","许可"等。

② could与was able to表过去能力的差别：均表过去的能力，但was（were）able to还可表业已成功的行为（即：动作确实做了）。

2．表"许可"You can go now. You can use my dictionary. You can have a rest.

-Can I smoke here?

-No, you can't.

注：用could代替can在疑问句中，语气客气委婉，但在时间上还指现在.Could you lend me your bike? Could you tell me how to get to the station?

注意：回答由could引起的问句，仍用can 而不用could。

-Could you wait a few more minutes?

-Yes, I can.

3.表猜测"可能"，一般用于疑问句和否定句。

-Can the news be true? -It can't be true. Where can he be?

注：(1)can't表"不可能"，语气断然否定。

(2) could在宾语从句中表过去的可能性，其它情况一般还表示现在的可能性只是语气比can委婉和更加不肯定。 I thought he could come .

(3) can 亦可用于肯定句表可能，但表示的是逻辑推理上的可能性（或理论上的），非主观臆断。There can be no noise on the moon because of sound being carried by the air .

(4) can(could)…have done或can(could)…have been(done)用于疑问句或疑问句表对过去时或完成时的揣测。

What can have happened to him ? He can not have read the book. He can't have been to Beijing.

4.表"惊异""惊讶"：How can you be so impolite? How can you say that?

二. may 表"允许""许可""允诺"（征询对方许可）。

You may go now . May I use your bike? You may keep the book for 2 weeks .

注意：(1)其否定形式may not表示不可以，但更常用must not来代替may not表示"不可以"，"禁止"。 -May I watch TV after supper?

-Yes, you may.(No, you mustn't .或No, you may not.或No, you'd better not.)(2)与can的比较：may比can更正式。May I know your name? May I (he, we…)….?

×May you….? (May you have a good journey! 此处表祝愿)

（3）。might代替may用于疑问句，更客气礼貌些，回答时仍用may。

-Might I use your telephone? -Yes, you may .

(4)might not 不表示"不允许"

2．表"可能"。（1）用于肯定句和否定句（因为May I…?表征询许可）。

The news may be true . He may not be at home now. I think he may come today(tomorrow).

However fast you may run, you can't catch the fast train.

(2)用might语气更加不肯定，但指现在或将来，只有在宾语从句中might do（be）才表示过去可能性。 He might come today(tomorrow). She might have some fever .

I thought you might like something to read, so I brought some books for you .

She said she might not be at home.. I might be busy tomorrow.

(3)may not 与cannot的区别： may not"可能不"，cannot "不可能"。

比较The news may not be true.

The news can't be true .

(4) may(might)(not)+have done(been)表对过去或完成时的揣测。

Something may have happened to him . He may have been to Beijing .

3.表祝愿May you be happy! May you have a pleasant journey!

综合性补充；（1）could have done和might have done 还可以用于虚拟语气而can(may)have done 只用于揣测。

（2）表揣测用于反意问句的情况。

三must （无词形变化）

（1）。表"必须"，"应该"，"务必" must not(mustn't)表"禁止"，"不许"，"不准"，"不可以"。 Everyone must attend the lecture. The work must be finished as soon as possible.

You mustn't lend it to others.

注；对must问句的回答。 -Must I go there now?

-Yes, you must.

-No ,you ①needn't. ②need not ③don't have(got) to ④don't need to.

2.must表推测"一定"，"必定"，一般只用于肯定句，亦即用于疑问句和否定不表揣测。

（1）对现在He must be at home now. You must be hungry after the long walk.

The Chinese language must have the largest number of speakers.

(2)对进行时。 He must be sleeping now(at that time).

（3）对过去时或完成时。

It must have rained last night. He must have fallen asleep(then).

He must have gone to Beijing yesterday. She must have been young when she got married .

注意其反意问句。

3 .must表不可避免的倾向。 All men must die.

4 . must 表"偏偏"，"不巧" My car must break down.我的车偏偏坏了。

四.have to "不得不"

1. 与must的区别 （1）must表说话人的主观看法，而have to表客观需要。

比较：I have to stop smoking .(外界压力，客观情况使然)

I must stop smoking.（主观认为）

2.must只有一种形式而have to有更多的形式have to, has to ,had to ,will have to 等等。

I thought I must go there.

3.have to 的疑问，否定均须借助于do。 Does he have to go there now ?

不说Has he to go there now?

He has to go there now ,doesn't he? The work has to be finished before 10 o'clock..

4.must与had to的差别： had to还可以表示业已完成或实现的动作（即；动作确实做了）。

I had to stay at home last night.

五.ought to与should

1.两者的差别ought to语气重，偏重"责任，义务，道德、法律"等方面，"总应该"。

You ought to follow your father's advice.

注意其疑问及否定形式 -Ought he to go ？-Yes, he ought (to).

2. ought to (should)have done 表本应该做而实际未做。

You ought to have told him about the news . He shouldn't have been told about the news.

本不应该把此事告诉他（而实际告诉了）。

You should have got up early .

should have done 还可表虚拟语气

用于第一人称

3. ought to还可表示非常有可能的事。

It ought to be a close game , most probably. It ought to be a fine day tomorrow.(极可能是好天)

六.need （1） 作为情态动词①常用于疑问句和否定句②无人称和时态的变化③疑问否定借助于need本身④后跟动词原型。

（2）need作为实义动词① 有人称和时态的变化（needs，needed）②疑问否定借助于do③可有自己的宾语（可以是名词，代词，不定时）④不受什么句型限制。

I need a pen . I need to go there. He didn't need to go there. Do I need to go there? Need I go there now ? You needn't go there now. ×I need go there now.

3.needn't have done表"本不必做而实际做了"。 You needn't have hurried.你（当时）本不该匆忙。

4．对need引起的一般问句的回答： -Need I go now ? -Yes ,you must .-No, you needn't.

七.dare 1，（1）作为情态动词 ①无人称和时态变化②常用于疑问句和否定句③跟不带to的不定式。注：有固定说法I dare say…… How dare you say……?

2.实义动词①有人称和时态的变化②疑问和否定借助于do③跟带to的不定式。

比较 情态动词 实义动词

肯定句 × He dared to do it .

否定句 He daren't to do itHe dare not do it. He didn't dare to do it .He doesn't dare to do it.

疑问句 Dare he do it?Dare he not do it? Does he dare to do it?Doesn't he dare to do it?

注：（1）有时可把dare的情态和实义动词的用法揉合在一起。如；No one dared say that.

(2)在否定句中实义动词dare后的不定式"to"符号可以省略。I don't dare(to)ask her.

2.daren't have done 表"本不敢做而实际做了"。

八.shall （此处讲述的是shall情态动词而非助动词表时态）。

1． shall用于二，三人称表"命令，警告。威胁，强制。允诺"等。

用于一，三人称用来征询对方意见或请求指示。

You shall do it as I say. Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow.

表"允诺"相当于may或can

Shall he come at once?(征询对方意见) where shall we meet ? Shall we take a walk together?

2.should (1)表"劝告，建议"Children should be taught to tell the truth.

I suggested he (should )go there. Was it necessary that my uncle (should) be informed?

(2)表"惊异"It's strange that he should have done such a thing.

（3）． 表"可能性"They should be there by now, I think.(98年高考已考过)。

九. Will 1。表"意志，意愿，乐意"，用于各人称 。（与will作助动词表时态区分开来）。

I will tell you all about it.相当于I am glad to tell you all about it.

He won't go there.他不愿意去那里。

2． Will在疑问句用于第二人称，表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求。

Will you go with me for a walk? Do come to my birthday party , will you?

Will you please tell me how I can get to the station ? Won't you sit down?

3. 表示习惯性动作，有；"总是，总要，"，"惯于"的意思 。

Fish will die out of water。鱼离开水总是要死的。

He will talk for hours if you give him the chance .你要给他机会的话他总是要谈上几个钟头 。 十.Would (是will的变形，与will的用法相对应。应把would作助动词表时态区分开)。1． 表"意愿"用于人称。 He said he would help us.他说他乐意帮助我们。2． 表说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求，语气比will更客气婉转，但指的是现在时间。Would you like some bananas ? I'd rather stay at home than go out .Would you mind opening the window for me ?注意：用would提出的一般疑问句，回答时要还原为will。-Would you help me with my lessons? -Yes, I will.3. 表过去的习惯动作。She would drop in on her teacher when she went to town .她总是要顺便看一下老师。Every day she would get up early at six o'clock.过去她总是每天6点起床。She would sit like that for hours watching ships.她过去总是坐在那里几个钟头看船。3． 用于虚拟语气或用于科幻作品中。Such would be our home in the future. 我们未来的家庭就是这样。 十一. used to表示"过去常常"（而现在并非这样）。We used to be good friends. There used to be a temple here. He used to go to work by bus。He used to like fish.他过去爱吃鱼。改为否定句：He didn't use to like fish .(He usedn't to like fish.或He used not to like fish).改为疑问句：Used he to like fish？ 或Did he use to like fish?回答Yes, he used to .否定式问句Use(d)n't he to like fish?反意问句There used to be a temple here, usedn't there? （或didn't there？）1．注：would与used to表"过去常常"的差别：①used to表现在已不复存在的过去习惯或状态有今惜对比的含义，而would则不涉及现在。He used to like fish.(现在不了)。He would like fish.（现在是不是这样，不知道）。②used to 表不确定的过去时间，常常不带表确指过去的时间状语，而would常带。③ would 表过去屡次发生的动作，所以不表状态。而used to可表状态也指动作。？There would be a temple here.④ would 有自觉自愿的含义，通常译作"总是，总要"，而used to只说明过去的事实，无自觉自愿的含义，常译作"过去常常"。Her would sit there, watching ships.（个人愿意）。2．①used to do sth.过去常常做。。。②be (get)used to（doing）sth.习惯于。。。③be used to do sth.被用来做。。 与练习结合，体会掌握情态动词的用法。

高考英语词组常考的高频固定搭配汇总

这里考1，expect的用法，2，to do不定式的性质，3，there be的用法，4，be 动词的各种非限定形式。

先给你解释什么是动词非限定形式

动词非限定形式的概念在英语专业的语法教材上有过如此的描述：

1，当前动词的形式上不表现时态特征

2，当前动词的形式上不表现受主谓一致原则下 “数”（动词三单之类）的标记

3，当前动词的形式上不表现“性”的特征（阴性，阳性，中性，这个在古英语中受拉丁语系影响而留存，现代英语仅保留在部分名词上，现代英语动词没有任何明显的阴阳性，中学所学动词基本都为中性）

4.动词的当前形式不表现“人称”的特征（现代英语中可以忽略这一点，法语中比较明显）

当动词没有受到“时”（时态），“性”，“数”，“人称”的形式限制，我们称此时的动词为动词的非限定形式

动词非限定形式包括：to do，doing，done.即，动词不定式，现在分词和动名词，过去分词.

注意区分动词的非限定形式与动词不定式概念上的不同.

动词的非限定形式包括动词不定式，现在分词和动名词，过去分词。

动词的不定式是指 “不被原型动词词形变化所局限的非谓语动词”，就仅仅指to do和（特殊情况下不带to）的to do.

那你会问为什么我会看到to have done，to be doing，to be done，to have been done的说法呢？

这是因为不定式有“体”和“态”形态变化，这个和“动词的不定式的概念”不矛盾。中学阶段并不需要深究动词不定式“体”，“态”上的概念，你只需要掌握动词的固定的搭配即可。这里师兄这样说是因为：“语法是在语言萌芽初是没有的，语法是后来或官方或人为总结的.”

基于这一点，摆正英语学习心态很重要，语法不是英语的一切，还有头疼的“固定搭配”.

现在，我们接着讲动名词的概念。

动名词，故名思义，名词化的动词，用法上与名词相同，仅可单独作主语，宾语，表语，补语（有争议视具体情况而定），合成形容词。

现在分词除了不能单独作主语，谓语，其他的表语，宾语，定语，状语，补语（有争议视具体情况而定）都可以充当。

补语有争议是因为一些特殊的动词例如，remember，keep这些可带宾补的动词

例如，remember sb do （这里是不带to）的不定式

remember sb doing（这里是说动名词和现在分词，按照上下文语义侧重来分）

说了这么多理论，我们回到这一题。

这一题主要考expect这个动词只能接 动名词，动词不定式或着宾语从句.c选项being表示判断概念的系动词的现在分词形式.being不会是动名词，因为be动词无实义，动名词都是有与之对应实义概念的名词的，你会问，不是be表示“是”这个概念吗？你错了，中文解释英文的局限就在这里凸显了，“是”在中文里有两个方面的概念：1，表示判断；2，表肯定。

而表肯定含义的动词加上ing 才会是与表肯定含义对应的动名词。

所以不选C. A，B选项是指将expect后there be句型作为宾语从句，A选项在没有D选项存在的时候可以选，B选项，时态错误。D，选项最符合搭配习惯，这里不定式做expect的宾语。

A选项在D选项不存在是可以选是因为，expect，hope ，wish 等词在一般现在时接宾语从句，从句谓语动词可以用一般现在时表示“将来”含义，也可以直接接will +不带to的不定式。

学长呕血总结，希望采纳，有疑问可以追问

　今天我为大家整理的是高中英语词组固定搭配，对大家的英语学习很有帮助哦，希望大家可以好好利用起来，下面就让我们一起来看一下吧。

　一、接不定式(而不接动名词)作宾语的24个常用动词

　afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事

　agree to do sth. 同意做某事

　arrange to do sth.安排做某事

　ask to do sth. 要求做某事

　beg to do sth. 请求做某事

　care to do sth. 想要做某事

　choose to do sth. 决定做某事

　decide to do sth. 决定做某事

　demand to do sth. 要求做某事

　determine to do sth. 决心做某事

　expect to do sth. 期待做某事

　fear to do sth. 害怕做某事

　help to do sth. 帮助做某事

　hope to do sth. 希望做某事

　learn to do sth. 学习做某事

　manage to do sth. 设法做某事

　offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事

　plan to do sth. 计划做某事

　prepare to do sth. 准备做某事

　pretend to do sth. 假装做某事

　promise to do sth. 答应做某事

　refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事

　want to do sth. 想要做某事

　wish to do sth. 希望做某事

　注：有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式，不接动名词：

　aim to do sth. 打算做某事

　fail to do sth. 未能做某事

　long to do sth. 渴望做某事

　happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事

　hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事

　struggle to do sth. 努力做某事

　二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词

　advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事

　allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

　ask sb. to do sth.请(叫)某人做某事

　bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事

　beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事

　cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事

　command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事

　drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事

　elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事

　encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事

　expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事

　forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事

　force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事

　get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事

　hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事

　help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事

　intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事

　invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事

　leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事

　like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事

　mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事

　need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事

　oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事

　order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事

　permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

　persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事

　prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事

　request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事

　remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事

　teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事

　tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事

　train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事

　trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事

　want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事

　warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事

　wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事

　注：不要受汉语意思的影响而误用以下动词句型：

　汉语说：“害怕某人做某事”，但英语不说fear sb. to do sth.。

　汉语说：“原谅某人做某事”，但英语不说excuse [forgive] sb. to do sth.。

　汉语说：“拒绝某人做某事”，但英语不说refuse sb. to do sth.。

　汉语说：“惩罚某人做某事”，但英语不说punish sb. to do sth.。

　汉语说：“建议某人做某事”，但英语不说suggest [propose] sb. to do sth.。

　汉语说：“赞成某人做某事”，但英语不说approve sb. to do sth.。

　汉语说：“通知某人做某事”，但英语不说inform sb. to do sth.。

　汉语说：“欢迎某人做某事”，但英语不说welcome sb. to do sth.。

　汉语说：“坚持某人做某事”，但英语不说insist [persist] sb. to do sth.。

　汉语说：“希望某人做某事”，但英语不说hope sb. to do sth.。

　汉语说：“安排某人做某事”，但英语不说arrange sb. to do sth.。

　汉语说：“要求某人做某事”，但英语不说demand sb. to do sth.。

　汉语说：“感谢某人做某事”，但英语不说thank sb. to do sth.。

　汉语说：“祝贺某人做某事”，但英语不说congratulate sb. to do sth.。

　汉语说：“阻止某人做某事”，但英语不说prevent sb. to do sth.。

　要表示以上意思，可换用其他表达：

　汉语的“原谅某人做某事”，英语可说成excuse [forgive] sb. for doing sth.。

　汉语的“希望某人做某事”，英语可说成wish sb. to do sth.。

　汉语的“建议某人做某事”，英语可说成advise sb. to do sth.。

　汉语的“安排某人做某事”，英语可说成arrange for sb. to do sth.。

　汉语的“要求某人做某事”，英语可说成demand of sb. to do sth.。

　汉语的“感谢某人做某事”，英语可说成thank sb. for doing sth.。

　汉语的“祝贺某人做某事”，英语可说成congratulate sb. on doing sth.。

　汉语的“阻止某人做某事”，英语可说成prevent sb. from doing sth.。

　三、接动名词(不接不定式)作宾语的34个常用动词

　admit doing sth. 承认做某事 advise doing sth. 建议做某事

　allow doing sth. 允许做某事 appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事

　avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事

　delay doing sth. 推迟做某事 deny doing sth. 否认做某事

　discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事

　enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事 escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事

　excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事 fancy doing sth. 设想做某事

　finish doing sth. 完成做某事 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事

　forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事

　imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 keep doing sth. 保持做某事

　mention doing sth. 提及做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事

　miss doing sth. 错过做某事 pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事

　permit doing sth. 允许做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事

　prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事 prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事

　put off doing sth. 推迟做某事 report doing sth. 报告做某事

　risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事