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高考名词及名词短语有哪些_高考名词及名词短语

tamoadmin 2024-06-01 人已围观

简介1.名词性短语有哪些?举几个例子吧2.名词短语英语举例3.2014年成人高考专升本英语词汇知识梳理:名词一、advice 英 [?d‘va?s]? 美 [?d‘va?s]n. 劝告;忠告;建议Tell me the reason (why) he refused to listen to my advice.告诉我为何他拒绝听从我的劝告。二、equipment 英 [?‘kw?pm?nt]? 美

1.名词性短语有哪些?举几个例子吧

2.名词短语英语举例

3.2014年成人高考专升本英语词汇知识梳理:名词

高考名词及名词短语有哪些_高考名词及名词短语

一、advice 

英 [?d'va?s]? 美 [?d'va?s]

n. 劝告;忠告;建议

Tell me the reason (why) he refused to listen to my advice.

告诉我为何他拒绝听从我的劝告。

二、equipment 

英 [?'kw?pm?nt]? 美 [?'kw?pm?nt]

n. 设备;装备;器材

The government has an interest in importing scientific equipment.

政府对引进科学设备非常感兴趣。

三、music

1、含义:n. 音乐;美妙的声音;乐谱。

2、用法

music是抽象名词,不可数,可作“音乐,乐曲”解。泛指“音乐”时不与冠词连用,特指“乐曲”时或music前有形容词最高级修饰时,可与定冠词、物主代词、指示代词等连用。

“一首乐曲”是a piece of music,“几首乐曲”是several pieces of music。

music也可用于指“音乐学科”,这时须用零冠词(不加冠词)。

四、money

1、含义:n. 财产;钱;货币。

2、用法

money的基本意思是“钱,货币”,包括纸币和硬币。money还可指某人所拥有的一切,即“财富,财产”。

money多用作不可数名词,指多种货币时也可用作可数名词,其复数形式为moneys,此时多用于指特种钱币或数额较大的钱,或用于法律用语。

五、news ;新闻;消息;

1、be bad news (for sb/sth) 对…不利

2、 break the news (to sb) 最先(向…)透露坏消息;说出实情 ?

3、? be good news (for sb/sth) 对…有利(或有益处) ?

4、 no news is good news (saying) 没有消息就是好消息?

名词性短语有哪些?举几个例子吧

高考英语任务型阅读高频率单词词组

一.名词(可数名词或以复数形式出现)

cause 原因

effect结果,影响,效果

process过程

process过程

consequence结局,后果

development进展.发展

process过程

clue线索

evidence证据,物证

instruction说明,指令,指示

connection联系,连接

conclusion结论

judgement判断(力)

proof证据,证明

analysis分析

explanation解释,说明

comparison比较

example例子

sample样品

point论点,要点

focus焦点

argument议论,论据,理由

solution解决办法,答案

description描述

fact事实

reason理由

excuse借口

procedure程序,手续

step步骤

method(way)方法

measure措施

means方法,手段,工具

program(me)节目单,议程,计划日程

progress进步

proposal提议,建议

suggestion建议

proportion比例

part组成部分,零件

message口信,短信,旨意

information信息,消息

material材料,素材

detail细节,详情

purpose目的,意图

goal目的,目标

advantage优势,长处,有利条件

disadvantage不利条件

equipment设备instrument器材

situation形势,局势condition条件,状况,形势

view观点,见解

attitude态度

destination目的地

route路线,航线

course过程,经过.课程

subject科目,学科

direction方向

directions用法,指示,说明书

tips提示,建议

number数目

figure数字,形状,图形

organization组织

structure结构,构造

function功能

principle原理,原则

institute团体,机构

announcement通知,公告

features特征

measurement计量

state状态,形态

shape形态

size大小,尺寸,型号

height高度

weight重量

length长度

width宽度

depth深度

amount(quantity)数量

quality质量

type, variety,sort,kind类型,种类

form形式

style风格,款式,式样

businessman商人

manager经理

nationality民族,国籍

sex性别

male男性

female女性

occupation(job)职业,工作

profession职业

address地址

location位置,场所,方位

position位置,方位,地位,身份,职位

staff职员

scene场面,现场

spot场所,地点

climate气候

surroundings周围环境

scenery风景,景色

landscape风景,地貌

interests兴趣

hobbies业余爱好

preference偏爱(物),喜好

sense感觉,感受,意识

feeling感觉,感情

affection情感,爱情

emotion情绪,情感

passion激情,热情

expectation期待,希望

intention意图,打算

action动作,行动

behaviour举止,行为,习惯

nature自然,天性,本性,性质

character性格

characteristic特征

memories回忆,往事

degree度数,程度,等级学位

grade年级,成绩,评语

mark分数,成绩

content内容,目录

items项目,条目

experience经历,经验

times(ages)时代,时期

period(一段)时期,时间

partner合作者,伙伴

relative亲戚,亲属

courage勇气,胆量

pressure压力

discouragement灰心,气馁

discovery发现,被发现之事

supplies供应(品)

offers提供,出价

income收入

expense开支,开销,花费

export(s)出口(商品)

import(s)进口(商品)

rate税率,费率

tax税

price价格

cost(s)代价,价格,成本

profit利润

loss亏损

product产品,产量

production生产,产品

consumption消费

consumer消费者

customer顾客

complainant投诉者

demand 要求

complaints 投诉

conflict 冲突,矛盾

settlement 解决

treatment 处理,治疗

events重大事件

influence影响(力 )

significance意义

achievement成就

difference差异

similarity相似,相同

agreement意义一致

disagreement分歧

usage用法

caution注意(事项)

demand要求

reply回答,回复

ability能力

possibility可能性

attempt尝试

experiment试验

average平均数

total总计,总数

speed速度

frequency频率

disaster灾难

survivor幸存者

rescue营救,救助

prevention预防(方案)

damages损失,损害

deaths死亡(事例)

flood洪水,水灾

drought旱灾

population 人口

employment就业

unemployment失业,失业率,失业人数

survey调查

data数据,资料

strategy策略

policy政策

applicant申请者,应征者,志愿者

volunteer志愿者,自愿参加者

organizer组织者

participant参与者

tradition传统

religion宗教

stage阶段,舞台

level水平

fault缺点,毛病

feature特征

range范围,(价格,气温等变化)幅度

subhealthy 亚健康

resources 资源

source 源头,来源,出处

reaction 反应

二、动词(或以动名词,过去式形式出现)

increase增加

decrease降低,下降

reduce减少

remove除掉,移去,转移

absorb吸收

release释放

measure测量

weigh称......(重)

sort 分类

rise上升

drop下降

win取胜,赢

lose失去,输掉(比赛等)

attract吸引

imagine想象

rebuilt重建

invent发明

discovery 发现

create创造

found建立,成立

form形成,养成

develop培养,开发

change改变

reform改革

cover覆盖,采访,涵盖

record记录

break破坏,打破

destroy破坏,毁掉

damage损坏

ruin毁灭

spread传播,扩散

broadcast广播

inform通知

announce宣布,通报

expand扩展,扩大

strengthen加强

settle 解决,平息

三.形容词/副词

successful成功的

satisfied满意的

disappointed失望的

essential基本的,不可或缺的,重要的

natural自然的

man-made人造的

artificial人工的,人造的

imaginary想象的

considerable可考虑的

considerate体贴的

possible可能的

potential潜在的

positive积极的,正面的

negative消极的负面的

wide宽的

broad宽阔的

narrow窄的

physical身体的,体力的

mental精神的,心理的

physically在身体方面,

mentally从身体上,在精神(心理)上

healthy健康的

disabled残疾的

terrible可怕的

horrible恐怖的,可怕的

surprising令人惊讶的

astonishing令人吃惊的

amazed感到惊讶的

scared害怕的

nervous(upset)紧张的(不安定)

comfortable舒适的

relaxed放松的

miserable悲惨的

lovely可爱的

naughty淘气的,顽皮的

accessible(easygoing)容易相处的,平易近人的

arbitrary固执的,武断的

ancient古代的

modern现代的

cultural文化的

historical历史的

national全国性的

personal个人的

private私人的,私立的

public公共的

convenient方便的,便捷的

available可利用的,有空的,可得到的

extremely及其,非常

frequently经常,频繁地

strictly严格地

fiercely剧烈地

cautiously小心地,谨慎地

casually随意地,不拘小节地

home 家,国内

abroad 国外

optimistic乐观的

pessimistic悲观的

permanent 永久的,不变的

temporary 临时的,暂时的

regular 固定的,定期的

四、短语词汇

travel agent 旅行代理人

travel agency 旅行社

employment agency 职业介绍所

advertising agent广告代理商

possible solutions 可能的解决办法

application form 申请表

mental disorder 精神错乱

mental trouble/problem 心理障碍

crime rates 犯罪率

public opinion 舆论

a speed limit 速度限制

financial/economic crisis 金融/经济危机

economic growth 经济增长

national economy 国民经济

economic stimulus bill经济刺激方案

essential qualification 必备的资格

reasonable price合理的价格

attractive price 诱人的价格

issue price 发行价格

promotion ambassador 形象大使

promotion campaign 推广活动,促销活动

traditional activities 传统活动

tip-top talent 拔尖人才

talents exchange 人才交流

talent bank/ brain bank 人才库

reserve of talents人才储备

brain drain 人才流失

the personnel market 人才市场

on-the-job training 岗位培训

white heat 白热化

white paper 白皮书

the global economic slowdown 全球经济下滑/放缓

issue of common concern共同关心的问题

space tourism 太空游

junk e-mail 垃圾邮件

anti-virus software 防病毒软件

separate waste collection 垃圾分类收集

cheer-leader / rooter king 拉拉队长

marathon campaign 马拉松式竞选活动

refugee camp 难民营

engage in writing 爬格子,潜心写作

recycled paper 再生环保纸

instant food; convenience food 方便食品

environment-friendly battery 环保电池

environment-friendly car环保汽车

chief justice 大法官

visiting scholar 访问学者

job hunter 求职者

attached middle school附属中学

white agriculture 白色农业

disaster-affected area受灾地区

accompanying satellite 伴飞卫星

return satellite返回式卫星

air defense force防空部队

sample survey 抽样调查

viewing rate 收视率

coverage rate 覆盖率

regional cooperation 区域合作

geological disaster 地质灾害

generation gap 代沟

mouse potato 电脑迷

electronic pet 电子宠物

electric currency; =electric money电子货币

electronic commerce; e-business; e-commerce电子商务

cultural diversity 文化多样性

biological diversity 生物多样性

source of the information 消息来源

radiation treatment 放疗

I smell a rat. 感到不妙

sense of personal achievement 个人成就感

wait-and-see attitude观望态度

business forecasting商业预测

summit conference首脑会议

名词短语英语举例

名词性短语,就是以名词为中心词组成的短语,一般表现为定+中结构。例如:伟大祖国,名词祖国是中心词,伟大是修饰祖国的。又如,我的家庭,名词家庭是中心词,我是限制家庭的。

动词性短语,是以动词为中心词的短语,一般表现为状+中的结构。例如:高声读书,动词读书是中心词,高声是修饰读书的。又如,笑嘻嘻地说话,动词说话是中心词,笑嘻嘻是修饰说话的。

2014年成人高考专升本英语词汇知识梳理:名词

短语类型

短语分为八类:名词短语,不定式短语,动词短语,同位语短语,分词短语,动名词短语,绝对短语和介词短语。

让我们详细看一下每个短语及其示例:

名词短语

名词短语由名词和修饰语组成,示例:

The disabled woman was left out of the trip.

动词词组

动词短语由动词和修饰动词的词组成。

例子:

She was waiting for the bus to arrive.

动名词短语

动名词短语是以充当名词的动词开头的名词短语。例子:

Walking in a thorny bush can be stressful.

不定式短语

它是一个以不定式动词开头的名词短语。示例:

I moved to the city to work on a government project.

He planned protests to send a message to the authorities.

不定式短语

它是一个以不定式动词开头的名词短语。示例:

I moved to the city to work on a government project.

He planned protests to send a message to the authorities.

 一、可数名词与不可数名词

 名词分可数与不可数两种。

 可数名词表示某类人或东西中的个体。如table, country.

 或表示若干个体组成的集合体。如 family, people, committee, police.

 不可数名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如air, tea, furniture, water.

 或表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。如work, information, advice, happiness.

 有些名词在一种场合下是可数名词,在另一种场合下是不可数名词。

 如room 房间(可数),空间(不可数)

 time 时间(不可数),次数(可数)

 fish 鱼(不可数),各种各样的鱼(可数)

 比较下列例句:

 There are nine rooms in the house. (房间,可数名词)

 There isn't enough room for us three in the car . (空间,不可数名词)

 不可数名词的数量可以通过在其前面加单位词来表示。

 如: 一块肉 a piece of meat

 两条长面包 two loaves of bread

 三件家具 three articles of furniture

 一大笔钱 a large sum of money

 二、可数名词的复数形式

 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词复数的构成如下:

 1.一般情况下在名词后加-s.如:girls, books.

 浊辅音、元音结尾,s发[z]

 2.以s, x , ch, sh结尾的词在名词后加-es.如:glasses, boxes, matches, bushes.

 以s, x , ch, sh结尾,es发[iz]

 3.“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i再加-es.如:city-cities, country-countries.

 4.以o结尾的词多数加-es.如:heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.

 radios, zoos, photos, pianos, kilos 例外。

 5.f, fe 结尾的词,多数变f,fe为v再加-es.如:thief-thieves, leaf-leaves, half-halves, life-lives, wife-wives, knife-knives.

 少数名词有不规则的复数形式。如:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children, mouse-mice.

 可数名词复数一般情况下考不规则复数形式。

 个别名词的单数和复数的形式是一样的。如Chineses, Japanese, sheep, deer.

 三、名词的所有格

 名词的所有格表示所属关系, 起形容词的作用。

 当名词表示有生命的东西时,所有格一般是在词尾加 's .

 如:Jean's room, my daughter-in-law's friends, my daughters-in-law's friends, children's books.

 如果名词已经有了复数词尾s, 则只需加'.如:the teachers' books, my parents' car.

 时间名词的所有格在后面加's ,复数加' .如:today's newspaper, five minutes' walk.

 当名词表示无生命的东西时,所有格常由“of”短语构成。

 如:the top of the world, the cover of the book, China's capital.

 加 's 或 ' 的名词所有格可以表示店铺或某人的家。

 如:the grocer's, the tailor's, the Smith's .

 名词所有格考试常见部分是

 名词表示没有生命的东西时,不能直接在其后加's.

 时间名词所有格在其后加's,或复数名词后直接加'.

 四、名词在句子中的作用

 1.主语是可数名词单数时,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。

 All roads lead to Rome.(条条大路通罗马。)

 His brother is an industrial engineer.

 The number of the students attending the party is increasing.

 the number of 表示数量,无论后面名词是复数还是单数,谓语动词是单数形式。

 Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me.

 two-thirds 三分之二

 几分之几作主语,谓语是单数形式。

 Both of us are studying English.

 总结:在名词作主语时,the number of 谓语动词单数形式;

 几分之几,谓语单数形式;

 both 谓语使用复数形式。

 2、主语是不可数名词、不定式或动名词词组、从句时,谓语动词用单数形式。

 All the money he received was given to his mother.

 Forgetting the past means betrayal.

 What we are talking now is useless.

 3.主语部分若有as well as, with, together with, like, but, except等短语,谓语动词的单、复数与短语前面的名词一致。

 Mary, as well as her two sisters, is a student of this school.

 (as well as her two sisters 作主语Mary的主语补足语,主语 Mary 是单数,所以谓语动词用单数形式)

 No one except my friends knows anything about it.

 4.表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时,如果当作整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式。“…+(×)…=…”算式中的谓语动词也用单数形式。

 Three times two is six.

 Three kilometers is 3,ooo metres. (three kilometers作为整体来看)

 5.Either, neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

 Neither of us has been to Italy.

 Has either of them been to Shanghai?

 none代表可数的人或东西时,谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数,代表不可数的东西时,谓语动词用单数形式。

 None of the students have/has seen the film.

 None of the money belongs to me.

 6.主语由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接时,谓语形式由最邻近的主语决定。

 Not only you but also I am wrong.

 Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon.

 Either you or she is to do the work.

 7.主语中有and,如果表示单一概念,谓语动词用单数。

 The bread and butter is nice.

 8.主语前有many a, more than one修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。

 Many a book has been read by the students.

 many a book=many books

 More than one person has been to the Great Wall.

 9.集合名词作主语,当作整体看待时,谓语动词用单数形式,当作每个独立的个体看待时,谓语动词用复数。

 The committee meets once a year. (作为整体)

 The committee are having a meeting now. (作为独立个体)

 People, police作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

 The police have come to arrest him.

 名词部分考试重点

 1、可数名词与不可数名词里,哪几个词是不可数名词。

 2、可数名词复数形式重点掌握不规则形式,单、复数相同的名词。

 3、名词所有格重点掌握时间名词所有格在其后加's,复数加'.

 4、名词在句中的作用,重点掌握刚才的9点。

 考点测试

 1.Ten days ______ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesn't need any more.

 A. is B. has been C. was D. had been

 ten days 作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数形式。(注意时态)

 答案 A

 2. Now, many people use the word Ms instead of Miss or Mrs, for example, before the names of ______ in business letters.

 A. woman manager B. women manager C. woman managers D. women managers

 names 是复数形式,其后的名词肯定是复数。

 两个名词变为复数,两个都要变。

 答案 D

 3. The number of students who failed the chemistry examination _____ to fifteen.

 A. have increased B. has increased C. is increased D. are increasing

 the number of 谓语动词用单数。

 答案 B

 4. Neither John nor his father _______ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train.

 A. was B. were C. would be D. have been

 neither……nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。

 答案 A

 5. The room is eight _______ long.

 A. foot B. foots C. feet D. feets

 foot 英尺,复数形式 feet

 答案 C

 8. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ at the meeting.

 A. was present B. were present C. have been presented D. has been presented

 not only…… but also 谓语动词与相邻名词一致。

 present 呈现,介绍

 答案 A

 9. One of the things she wrote about ______ life on a small farm at the beginning of the century.

 A. is B. was C. are D. were

 one of 谓语用单数。

 答案 B

 10. Only about one out of twelve of the young men and women of this country _____ college education.

 A. receive B. receives C. have received D. have been received

 one out of 谓语用单数形式。

 答案 B

 11. Never before ______ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man.

 A. has B. have C. will D. would

 never before开头,句子倒装。

 主语so many people为复数。

 engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。

 答案 B

 12. At the bus stop were a soldier and two young people on their way to North Carolina.

 A. were B. was C. is D. sits and waits

 主语 a soldier and two young people为复数

 答案 A

 13. There ______ the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream.

 A. goes B. go C. gone D. was gone

 主语 the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream复数

 答案 B

 14. Mr. Brown, and not I , ________ chosen to be the representative of the class.

 A. is B. am C. are D. have been

 主语 Mr.Brown

 答案 A

 15. The teacher, as well as a number of students, _______ to attend the party.

 A. ask B. asks C. was asked D. were asked

 谓语动词与as well as前面的名词一致。

 答案 C

 16. The hostess together with the guests of honor ________ comfortably in the living room.

 A. was seated B. seated C. were seated D. were seating

 谓语与 together with 前的名词一致

 be seated 就坐

 Please be seated ladies and gentlmen.

 Seat the boy next to his brother.

 答案 A

 17. The father, rather than the brothers, _______ responsible for the accident.

 A. is B. are C. have been D. has

 主语 the father ,单数

 be responsible for 对……负责

 答案 A

 18. Either Carol or Grace ______ to the concert, but one of them has to stay home.

 A. is coming B. are coming C. will coming D. have come

 either……or 谓语动词与临近主语一致。

 答案 A

 19. The total amount of money ______ 100 dollars.

 A. is B. are C. has D. have

 money 不可数名词,谓语动词单数。

 答案 A

 20. Great quantities of fish _____ on high seas.

 A. is caught B. are caught C. catch D. is catching

 quantities 复数形式

 答案 B

 21. Either of the young ladies _____ perfectly qualified to teach Greek and Latin.

 A. is B. are C. has D. have

 either打头,谓语动词单数。

 答案 A

 22. Having studied your report carefully, I am convinced that neither of your solutions _____ correct.

 A. are B. is C. had D. will

 neither 两者都不,谓语动词单数。

 答案 B

 23. In some countries each of the citizens ______ to decide government policies.

 A. helps B. help C. are helped D. is helped

 each 每一个,谓语动词单数。

 答案 A

 24. The nurse added_____ to the medcine to make the ease for the child to take.

 A. some sugar B. some sugars C. a sugar D. sugars

 suger 不可数名词

 答案 A

 take medcine 吃药

 25. “I like your furniture very much.”

 “Thank you. We bought ____ in Beijing.”

 A. the most of them B. the most of it C. most of them D. most of it

 furniture 不可数名词

 答案 D

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