高考英语单词及其用法,高考单词用法

1.高考英语词汇：quick与quickly的用法

2.2017年高考英语词汇分类讲解：数词的用法

3.45个高考英语高频词汇2020(逢考必有)

4.高考英语词汇详解：pain的用法整理

5.高考英语比较级有哪些用法?

6.高考英语词汇参考：attend的用法

7.高考英语语法有哪些

高考英语词汇详解：book的用法

1. 用作名词，表示“书”，汉语的“看书”有两层含义。如：

表示阅读性地“看书” ，一般要用动词 read。如：

He is reading a book in his room. 他在房里看书。

I’ve read yourbook with pleasure. 我已高兴地拜读了你的大作。

不是表示阅读性地“看书”，而只是大概地看一看，比如看看书的封面、定价、内容提要等，或者回答问题时看看书的某些章节或字句等，或者是考试时偷看书本等，此时都不宜用动词 read, 而用 lookat, see等动词。如：

Can I look at those books? 我可以看看那些书吗?

Jim demanded to see my books. 吉姆要求看看我的书。

Please answer my questions without looking at your books. 请不看书回答我的问题。

Students must not look at their books duringexaminations. 学生考试不准舞弊。

2. 用作动词，意为“预定”，可以用作及物或不及物动词。如：

Seats can be booked from 9 am to 6 pm. 定座时间是上午9点至下午6点。

Please book a ticket for Londonplease. 请订一张去伦敦的票。

You’d better book early for theplay. 你早点预定戏票。

高考英语词汇：quick与quickly的用法

我也是从别的地方找的 希望你能看懂 好好学校 祝你考上理想的学校。

as...as意为"和……一样"，表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词。其基本结构为：

as+ adj./ adv. +as。例如：This film is as interesting as that one.

这部**和那部**一样有趣。

其否定式为not as/so +adj./ adv. +as。例如： This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think. 这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。

若有修饰成分，如twice, three times, half, a quarter等，则须置于第一个as之前。例如：

Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的袋子比我的贵一倍。

“

as(否定句中可用so)＋adj．／adv．＋as?”，其基本意思为“?和?一样”。但在实际应用中，此结构在不同的语境中含义差异较大。

表示不同人或物同一性质的比较，意为“?和?一样?"。The tree is as tall as the building(is).这棵树和那栋楼一样高。

表示同一个人或物不同性质的比较，意为““既?又?”Alice works as happily as(she)plays(happily)

艾丽丝愉快地工作，尽情地玩。

用于表示两个人或物不同性质的比较，表示程度相同或相当，意为“?而?”。He was as handsome as his wife was beautiful．

他长得非常英俊，他的妻子也长得非常漂亮。

as?as结构的另一种形式是“as much／many＋名词＋as＋从句”。

Mary has written as many essays as her brother．

玛丽写的文章篇数和她弟弟一样多。

若有修饰成分，如

twice，three times，half，a quaer等，必须置于第一个as之前。You are not half as clever as you think you are．你可不像自己想象的那么聪明。

as

as

结构的另一变体形式是“

as＋形容词原级＋名词词组＋as”I don't want as expensive a car as this.

＝I don't want a car as expensive as this．我不要这么贵的汽车

当as?as与表示重量、数量、时间、距离、价格等的计量名词连用时。往往并不

表示比较。而是构成一个形容词组，意为“重达?，多达?，高达?”等。

The river is as deep aslO meters．这条河深达10米。

“as+原级+as any(或ever)”、“as+原级+as?can be”、“nothing(或no)＋so＋原级＋as?”等结构表达的是最高级意义。即在某种程度上或某方面达到极限或最大限度He is as great a mathematician as any．他是一位非常杰出的数学家。

as?as?不表示比较的几个常见句型。

as?as possible／sb can尽可能的?Please answer my question as soon as possible．

请尽快回答我的问题

2017年高考英语词汇分类讲解：数词的用法

。两者均可表示“快”，在口语中，一般多用quick(尤其在需要用比较级或级时)，并且总是放在动词之后；若放在动词之前，一般用quickly。如：

Come quick(ly). There’s been an accident. 快来，出事故了。

You get there quicker by bus. 你坐汽车去那儿会快一些。

He quickly changed his clothes. 他迅速地换了衣服。

The evening passed quickly. 晚上很快过去了。

He ran as quickly as he could. 他使劲地跑。

It gets hot quickly when the sun comes. 太阳出来了天很快热起来。

I was wondering how to get there quickly. 我想知道怎么能很快地到达那里。

He quickly availed himself of the opportunity. 他很快利用了这个机会。

After his wife’s death he aged quickly. 他妻子死后他老得很快。

Relief was quickly sent to sufferers from the great fire. 救济物资迅速送到大火中受害人的手中。

How quickly time passed! It might have happened yesterday. 时间过得真快!这仿佛是昨天发生的事似的。

45个高考英语高频词汇2020(逢考必有)

高考英语词汇分类讲解：数词的用法

1.表达编号

编号可用序数词或基数词表示，序数词位于名词之前，并加定冠词，基数词位于名词之后。一般情况下，用基数词较常见。

第8号：Number 8(读作number eight，缩写为No.8)

第109页：Page 109(读作page one hundred and nine)

第9行：Line 9(读作line nine或the ninth line)

第418房间：Room 418，Room No.418或the No.418 Room

12路公共汽车：Bus No.12，Bus 12 或the No.12 Bus

第5大街：Street No.5或the No.5 Street

电话号码009-902-435-7334：Tel.No.009-902-435-7334读作 telephone number zero，

zero，nine，(dash)，nine，zero，two，(dash)，four，three，five，(dash)，seven，double three，four.

邮政编码100089：postcode (或zip code) 100089

注意：

电话号码中的0可读作zero或o[?u]，双数如33可读作three，three或double three，中间的“-”号可读作dash，也可稍作停顿不读出。

2.表达年、月、日和年龄

公元前476年：476 B. C.读作four seven six B. C.或four seventy-six B. C.或four hundred seventy-six B. C.

公元381年：381 A. D.或 A. D.381读作three eighty-one A. D.或three hundred and eighty-one A. D.或three eight one A. D.

公元1900年：1900 读作nineteen hundred

公元1908年：1908 读作nineteen and eight或nineteen hundred and eight或one nine oh eight

2004年11月25日： November 25(th)，2004或，25(th) November，2004读作November (the) twenty-fifth，two thousand and four

在2004年12月22日：on December 22，2004

在20世纪90年代：in the 1990s或in the 1990's

在七岁时：at the age of seven，at seven，at age seven。

一个七岁的女孩：a girl who is seven，a girl who is seven years old，a girl aged seven，a seven-year-old girl，a seven-year old girl，a girl of seven，a girl of seven years old

比较：

在表示时间时，汉语中常以“年—月—日”的顺序，而英语中常以“日—月—年”或“月—日—年”的顺序。2004年6月1日在英语中可写为：June 1，2004或1 June，2004或1/6/2004或1. 6，2004。在美国英语中也可写作6/1/2004或6. 1，2004。

必背：

在英语中月份的省略写法如下：

January—Jan.

February—Feb.

March—Mar.

April—Apr.

May—May

June—June

July—July

August—Aug.

September—Sept.

October—Oct.

November—Nov.

December—Dec.

高考英语词汇详解：pain的用法整理

　考试总有一些知识是重点，英语也一样，有一些是核心考点，基本上是逢考必有。我整理了45个高考英语高频词汇2020(逢考必有)，供大家参考借鉴。

　45个高考英语高频词汇2020(逢考必有)

　1. cost

　The ticket cost me ten dollars.(此句中cost用作及物动词,意为“花费”,这是cost的常用法之一。)

　The cost of living is much higher now than it was two years ago. (此句中cost用作名词,意为“价格,成本,费用”,这是它的常用法之二。)

　cost除了以上用法外,还有 其它 用法。如:

　① Has this project been costed? (cost用作及物动词,意为“估价,估计成本”。)

　② I must get the book at all costs. (at all costs意为“无论如何,不惜任何代价”。)

　③ She saved him from drowning, but at the cost of her own life. (at the cost of sth.意为“以牺牲某事物为代价”。)

　2. deal

　Teachers should deal fairly with their pupils. (此句中deal用作不及物动词,常和with连用,意为“对待”,这是deal的常用法。)

　deal还有其它用法。如:

　①She spent a good deal of money on new clothes. (a good deal of意为“很多,大量”后接不可数名词。)

　②We tried to make sure everyone got a fair deal. (a fair deal意为“公平的待遇”。)

　③My bank deals in stocks and shares now. (deal in意为“经营”。)

　④The teacher dealt out the test papers to the students. (deal out意为“分发”。)

　3. interest

　interest在教材中的意思为“兴趣”和“使感兴趣”,分别作名词和动词用。

　The money I borrowed from him was repaid with interest.

　What he did was just to protect his own interests.

　上面 句子 中的两个interest都作名词用。作“利息”讲时,为不可数名词;作“利益,好处”讲时,多用复数形式。

　第一句可译为“我向他借的那笔钱是带息偿还的。”;第二句可译为“他所做的一切仅仅是为了保护他自己的利益。”

　4. drive

　Can you drive a car? (drive用作动词,意思为“开车,驾驶”,是教材中的第一种用法。)

　Let?s go for a drive in the country. (drive用作名词,意思为“驱车旅行”,是教材中的第二种用法。)

　除了以上用法外, drive还有其它用法。如：

　①The workers carried on a drive for greater efficiency last month. (drive用作名词,意思为“运动”。)

　②There are three buses parked on the drive. (drive用作名词,意思为“车道”。)

　③Poverty drove the little boy to steal. (drive用作动词,意思为“驱使”。)

　④I?m sure that I?ve driven my opinion home.(drive sth. home意思为“把?讲透彻,使充分理解”。)

　⑤Please drive the dog away. (drive sb./sth. away意思为“把?赶跑”。)

　5. join v.& n.

　What club do you want to join?(此句中的join是及物动词,意为“加入,参加”,这是其最常见的用法。)

　另外它还有其它用法。如:

　①The two rivers join at the bridge.(此句中的join是不及物动词,意为“会合,联合,相遇”。)

　②The two pieces were stuck together so well that we could hardly see the join.(此句中的join是名词,意为“连接处,接缝”。)

　6. dream

　dream在教材中有两种用法:用作动词时意思为“做梦,梦到”;用作名词时意思为“梦想,幻想”。

　dream除了以上用法外,还有以下几种用法。如：

　Her new dress is an absolute dream. (dream用作名词,意思为“美丽或美好的人或事物”。)

　My aunt?s wedding ceremony went like a dream. (go like a dream是固定 短语 ,意思为“非常顺利,完美”。)

　7. know

　I?ve known David for 20 years.

　I hope we have taught our children to know right from wrong.

　The old man has known both poverty and wealth.

　know在教材中的意思为“知道,了解”,作动词用。在上面的三个句子中, know都作动词用,第一个know的意思为“认识”;第二个know的意思为“区分”;第三个know的意思为“亲身经历”。

　8. fail

　If you don?t work hard, you may fail.(此句中fail意为“失败;不及格,没有通过考试”。)

　fail还有其它用法。如:

　① He never fails to write to his mother every week.

　(fail意为“忘记、忽视或未能做某事”。)

　② She has been failing in health.

　(fail in意为“(健康状况)衰退”。)

　③ His friends failed him when he most needed them.

　(fail意为“使失望, 辜负”。)

　④ I had three passes and one fail.

　(fail用作名词,意为“考试不及格”。)

　⑤ I?ll be there at two o?clock without fail.

　(without fail意为“肯定,一定,必定”。)

　9. lead

　lead在教材中有两种用法:用作动词时意思为“引导,领导”;用作形容词时意思为“领导的,领先的,带领的”。

　除了教材中的用法外,lead还有以下几种用法。如：

　Which road leads to the mountain? (lead用作动词,意思为“通向,通往”。)

　My grandmother is leading a quiet life in the countryside. (lead用作动词,意思为“过某种生活”。)

　Not having a balanced diet can lead to health problems. (lead用作动词,意思为“导致”。)

　Her brother took the lead in the high jump. (lead用作名词,意思为“领先地位”。)

　In this new film, she is the lead. (lead用作名词,意思为“主角”。)

　10. fall

　The leaves fall in autumn. (此句中fall用作动词,意为“落下,下降”,这是其常用法。)

　fall还有其它用法。如:

　①I had a fall and broke my arm. (fall用作名词,意为“跌落,掉下,降落”。)

　②Our holiday plans fell through because of bad weather. (fall through 意为“落空,未能实现,成为泡影”。)

　③My car is falling apart. (fall apart意为“破裂,破碎,散架”。)

　④We fell about (laughing) when we heard the joke. (fall about意为“无法控制地大笑”。)

　⑤Sam, please fall back on old friends in time of need. (fall back on意为“求助于,退到”。)

　11. low

　The sun is low in the sky. (此句中low用作形容词,意为“低的,矮的”,这是low的常用法。)

　low还有其它用法。如:

　① She?s been feeling rather low since her illness. (low用作形容词,意为“消沉的”。)

　② The simplest way to succeed in business is to buy low and sell high. (low用作副词,意为“低价地,廉价地”。)

　③ The gas is running low. (run low意为“几乎耗尽”。)

　12. blind

　She is blind in the left eye. (此句中blind用作形容词,意为“瞎的,盲人的”,这是blind的常用法。)

　blind还有其它用法。如:

　① The blinds were drawn to protect the new furniture from the sun. (blind用作名词,意为“窗帘,遮光物”。)

　② The soldier was blinded in the explosion. (blind用作动词,意为“使失明”。)

　③ This is a blind letter. (blind letter意为“因地址写得不清而无法投寄的信件”。)

　④ He turned a blind eye to her mistakes. (turn a blind eye to意为“对?熟视无睹”。)

　⑤ He?s blind as a bat without his glasses. (blind as a bat意为“完全看不见东西的”。)

　13. film

　大家都很熟悉film作名词时有“**”的意思。

　除此之外film还有其它的意思。如：

　①I put a new roll of film in my camera. (film在此句中作名词,意思为“胶卷,胶片”。)

　②It took them nearly a year to film this TV series. (film在此句中作动词,意思为“拍摄”。)

　14. land

　The pilot landed the plane safely in the heavy snow. (此句中的land用作及物动词,意为“使着陆”,这是land的常用法之一。)

　The journey to the far side of the island is quicker by land than by sea. (此句中的land用作名词,意为“陆地,大地”,这是land的常用法之二。)

　除了以上用法外,land还有其它用法。如:

　① Many farmers are leaving the land to work in industry. (the land意为“农村,农业”。)

　② The car will land you there in twenty minutes.(land用作动词,意为“使到达,把?送到某地”。)

　③ He?s really landed himself in it this time. (land sb. / oneself in sth. 意为“使某人陷入困境”。)

　④ He wants to see how the land lies before taking any action.( how the land lies意为“事态,形势,概况”。)

　15. cause

　She?s always causing trouble. (此句中cause用作及物动词,意为“使发生,引起”,这是cause的常用法。)

　cause还有其它用法。如:

　①Smoking is one of the causes of heart disease. (cause用作可数名词,意为“原因,理由”。)

　②People fought for the cause of freedom and peace. (cause用作名词,意为“事业,目标”。)

高考英语比较级有哪些用法?

提要高考 : 2017高考英语词汇详解：pain的用法

　高考英语词汇详解：pain的用法

　一、表示肉体上的“痛”“疼痛”

　1. 可数性问题：此时可用作可数或不可数名词。如：

　This tooth is giving me pain. 这颗牙很疼。

　Mary felt a sharp pain in her left arm. 玛丽左臂感到一阵剧烈的疼痛。

　Chest pains may be symptomatic of heart disease. 胸痛可能是心脏病的症状。注：由于可用作可数或不可数名词，所以有时在同一语境中用pain, a pain, pains都是可能的。如：

　I have pain [a pain, pains] in my back. 我背疼。

　2. 修饰语问题：用作不可数名词，可用much, little等修饰;用作可数名词时，可用many, few等修饰。如：

　Was it possible to have so much pain that it could no longer hurt? 痛得很厉害以至不再感到疼痛，这种情况可能吗?

　After falling from a ladder, he had many physical aches and pains. 从梯子上摔下来以后他感到身上到处都痛。

　3. 主谓一致问题：pain用作主语时，谓语肯定用单数，这不是问题;当pains用作主语时，谓语通常用复数。如：

　If the pains return phone the doctor. 如果疼痛再发作，打电话给医生。

　Her pains are mostly pure imagination. 他的疼痛多半纯粹是想象出来的东西。

　但是，有时也可用单数。如：

　Growing pains refers to pains in the joints and muscles of growing children. 发育性疼痛乃指正在发育成长的`儿童的关节和肌肉所感到的疼痛。

　二、表示精神上的“痛苦”

　1. 可数性问题：此时只用作不可数名词，不用复数形式，也不与不定冠词连用。如：

　I could not stand the pain any longer. 我再也忍受不了这种痛苦了。

　I hope you will forgive me if I have given you pain.如果我给了你痛苦，希望你原谅我。

　2. 修饰语问题：通常可用great, some, no, a great deal, much等修饰。如：

　The memory of her mother’s illness caused her great pain. 想起妈妈的疾病她就感到痛苦。

　His harsh words caused her much pain. 他说话很刺耳，她听了很不舒服。

　It gave us much pain to learn of the sad news. 听到这个不幸的消息我们十分痛苦。

　3. 主谓一致问题：由于不可数，用作主语时，自然要用单数谓语。

高考英语词汇参考：attend的用法

一、'比较级 + and + 比较级'

(后面不可接than从句)可用来表示'越来越'。

如：The days are getting longer and longer.

白天越来越长了。

He is becoming more and more interested in sports.

他对运动越来越有兴趣了。

The more the more 的用法

二、意思是'越…，就越…'。如：

The harder you work，the more you Will learn.

你越努力，就越学得多。

The greater the mass of a body，the greater is its inertia.

物体的质量越大，它的惯性就越大。

The more you eat，the fatter you get.

你吃得越多，长得越胖。

The more，the better.越多越好。

三、more than和less than

这两个固定词组分别表示'多于''少于'。

如：

There are more than three hundred households in this village.

这个村子有三百多户人家。

The finished the Work in less than a year.

他们不到一年就完成这项工作。

四、no more than和not more than

no more than的意思是'只不过'，not more than的意思是'不多于'。

试比较：

There are no more than ten tickles left. 剩下不到十张票。

(有'票少'的含义)

The experiment was done by not more than 5 persons.

做这个试验的人不到五个。

(没有'多'或'少'的含义，只是客观地说明数目)

This room is no bigger than that.

这个房间并不比那个大。

(有'两个房间都不大'的含义)

This room is not bigger than that one.

这个房间不比那个大。

(没有'两个房间都不大或都不小'的含义)

高考英语语法有哪些

高考英语词汇详解：attend的用法

1. 表示“参加”、“出席”，通常用作及物动词，其宾语通常是meeting, party, show, wedding, class, lecture, school, church等。如：

　Did you attend the meeting yesterday? 你昨天去开会了吗?

　He was ill and didn’t attend school. 他有病，没有去上学。

　Her lecture was well attended. 听她演讲的人很多。

　有时 attend 后的宾语可以省略，此时为不及物动词。如：

　They had a quiet wedding --- only a few friends attended . 他们的婚礼静悄悄的，只有几个朋友参加。

　attend 表示“参加”与 join 不同，参见并比较 join的有关用法。

　2. 表示医生或护士等的“治疗”、“护理”、“照顾”等，可用作及物或不及物动词;用作不及动词时其后通常接介词 on。如：

　Which doctor is attending you? 哪个医生在给你治疗?

　She was attended by Dr Smith. 她由史密斯医生治疗。

　I have a good doctor attending me. 我有一个很好的'医生在给我治病。

　有时也与介词 to 连用。

　3. 用于短语 attend to, 主要用来表示。如：

　①注意听。如：

　Attend carefully . 注意听。

　If you don’t attend ，you will never learn anything. 你要是不注意听，你就会什么也学不到。②处理;办理。如：

　I’ll attend to it. 这事我来办。

　I may be late----I have one or two things to attend to. 我可能会迟到，我还有一两件事要处理。③照顾;照看。如：

　If you go out, who will attend to the baby?你要是出去，谁来照顾婴儿?

　Will you attend to the shop for a few minutes while I go to the bank? 在我去银行时你帮我照看一下店铺好吗? ④接待;招待。如：

　Are you being attended to, sir? 先生，有人招呼你了吗?

　I’m too busy. I can’t attend to you now. 我很忙，现在不能接待你。⑤专心;关心。如：

　Attend to your work and stop talking. 专心工作，不要说话。

　Parents must attend to the education of their children. 父母必须要关心子女的教育。⑥治疗;医治。如：

　His injury was attended to by a young doctor. 他的伤由一位年轻医生医治。

一．非谓语动词

一．不定式：

一）不定式的常考形式：

1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.

被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.

语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生

2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.

被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.

语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前

二）不定式常考的考点：

1）不定式做定语----将要发生

2）不定式做状语----目的

3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.

三)不定式的省略

1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel

+ do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；

+ doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.

昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）

" 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.

2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to

I 'd like to have John do it.

I have my package weighed.

Paul doesn't have to be made to learn.

3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do

四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：

want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do

force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do

be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do

We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET

1995）

A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met （Key：C）

五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式

accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

三、need/want 后的-ing形式具有被动的意思。其中，want不太常用。

He needs (a lot of) encouraging.

二. 动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词

1)是名词 seeing is believing

2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary.

一)动名词的形式:

一般形式：I don't like you smoking.

完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.

被动形式：This question is far from being settled.

二) 动名词常考的点

1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数

2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词

3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.

I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．（MET 1992）

A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对）

I regret not having taken your advice.

4)有些词后只能接动名词

admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...

另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：

it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...

5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可

remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。

I remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作)

I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作)

forgot remember的用法类似。

I regret to inform you that… 我很遗憾地通知你…

I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了"二十年前的离开"而遗憾。

try to 努力 You really must try to overcome your shyness.

try -ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day.

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. [打算、想]我想去，但我父亲不让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. [意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力。

prefer的用法：

我宁愿在这里等。

3 分词：

现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态

现在分词的形式:

1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生)

2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)

3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)

过去分词

1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.

2)过去分词的进行形式：You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)

这三种非谓语动词，都可以构成复合结构，非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语。他们之间的一致关系--主动还是被动，往往就是考点。独立主格结构中，要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系。

二：虚拟语气和情态动词

情态动词的基本用法及其区别

最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别，因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变，在高考试题中，命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词，除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外，还要充分利用高考试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。

一、用"情态动词＋have ＋done"结构表示对过去动作的推测，高考试题中常用过去时态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的这一用法可以用 "对立统一"来概括。

1．当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明，且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时，我们可用"统一"关系来解决这样的试题。常见的结构有：

must have done：

表示对过去动作的肯定推测，常译作"一定做了……"，只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can't／couldn't have done?

疑问式为Can／Could...have done？。

could ／might have done：表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测，常译作"可能做了……"。如：

1) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he

＿＿＿＿＿ your lecture． ?(上海 2000)

A． couldn't have attended

B． needn't have attended

C． mustn't have attended

D． shouldn't have attended

本题选A。

2) Jack ＿＿＿＿ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me． (上海'97

A． mustn't have arrived

B． shouldn't have arrived

C． can't have arrived

D． need not have arrived （C）

2．当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时，常借助"but, however, instead"等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符，这时我们就可以用"对立"关系来解决这样的试题。这种结构常见的有：

should have done ／ ought to have done：表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。

should not have done ／ ought not to have done：表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。

由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系，分析题意可知本题应选C。

二、考查情态动词基本用法之间的比较和辨析。最近几年高考试题中常借助具体的语境来考查考生对那些最常见的情态动词的基本用法的理解和掌握，因此在做这样的试题时应认真分析语境中所含的实际意义，并结合情态动词的基本含义和用法做出正确的选择。

虚拟语气

" 最自然的虚拟状态：由should/would+原型时态（不含时间只含状态）

本质上是过去将来时：即，时间固定在过去将来，状态不同：一般、进行、完成、完成进行。

这时"虚拟语气"的产生往往是因为我们要表达"本来应该……"（而现在却还没有……）

（本来可以……，本来能……）

一些常见的句型中，就会出现这种虚拟语气，而处于从句之中，should 常常被省略掉

o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;

o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;

o require, request;

o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.

由于他们的含义中包含"建议，假设，应该"这类的含义，所以，由他们引起的从句中，就会包含有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气。

这些动词（以及他们的名次形式，分词形式）引起的从句还有其他的变形

主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句

It's suggested that…

My suggestion is that…

The only suggestion that...

The only suggestion I can give you now is that…

一些形容词引起的表语从句中，也会有同样的情况

important; necessary; essential

It's natural ; strange; incredible that

a pity; a shame; no wonder

? 由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用should

" 表达与事实相反

1. 与现在相反：使用[过去时]：

I wish I were not here! (一般现在'一般过去)

Suppose we were not here.

He loved me as if I were his own son. (一般现在'一般过去)

Hope I weren't always losing things! (现在进行'过去进行)

If only/If I hadn't been there! (现在完成'过去完成)

What if I hadn't been waiting right here! (现在完成进行'过去完成进行)

常考句型：It's (high) time (that)…; would rather (that)…

这两个从句，只能表达对现在的看法，所以，从句中只有一般过去时。

2. 与过去相反：过去完成时；

3. 与将来相反？将来的事情没有发生，所以只能推测且实现可能很小

I wish he could not smoke any more.

不过，由于可以用be to表示将来；所以，虚拟语气中经常出现were to；也是CET-4的常考语法点。

" 虚拟条件句

o if 部分，做一个与事实相反的假设（所以只有一般过去和过去完成）

o 主句部分，这是表示基于这个假设的推测，一般使用情态动词would，少数情况下使用could/might/should。

o 注意：两个部分之间，是有逻辑关系，而在两部分的谓语动词时态上，没有必然的联系。

" 注意，虚拟条件句中的if可以省略，造成were/had提前，产生倒装。

" 隐含的非真实条件 :由特殊的词给出条件: with, without, in , but for, otherwise, or

How could I be happy without you? In his shoes, I would kill myself.

But for the storm, we would have arrived.

三、一致关系

一)主谓一致

1． 主谓一致（与插入语无关）

1主谓的分隔原则：主谓之间可以用定语从句或者省略的定语从句分隔。

2定语从句中的主谓一致：

3随前一致：

n. + together with n2

as well as

including

along with

with / of

accompanied with / by

4就近原则：n1 or n2 +v（就近原则）

either n1 or n2

5可数n1 and 可数n2+v(pl)

不可数n1 and 不可数n2+v(pl)

例外：war and peace is… war and peace是一个整体

但是如果主语表示的是同一个概念，同一人，同一事的时候，谓语动词用单数，这种结构的特征是and连接的两个词只有一个冠词。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our country.

The head master and mathematical teacher is coming.

The head master and the mathematical teacher are coming.

类似的还有：law and order bread and

butter black and white

To love and to be loved is …

A lawyer and a teacher are…

A lawyer and teacher is …

6随后原则：not A but B / not only A but also B+v.(与B一致)

7百分比结构：most , half , rest , some , majority , one+persent

of+n1+v.（由n1决定

8倒装结构的主谓一致：

a）There be +n 由名词决定动词

b）Among , between等介词位于句首引起倒装结构：

Among / Between …+系动词+n. （由名词决定动词）

9The+adj的主谓一致：

a）当表示"一类人"，

b）当表示某一抽象概念时

The good is always attractive.

10 To do/doing/主从+vs

*More than one+n

many a +n.

a day or two

二)、倒装

1 全部倒装

是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：Up went the plane = the plane went up.

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

2) 表示运动方向的副词(back, down, off, up)或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。

注意：1) 上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能倒装。Here he comes. Away they went. 2) 谓语动词是be的时候，不能倒装。 Here it is. Here you are.

3） 形容词短语/分词短语位于句首，引起倒装

*typical of characteristic of

*coinciding with + n

4） 表示地点范围的介词短语位于句首，谓语动词为系动词，一定引起倒装

In…（表语）+系动词+主，主同。

*在倒装句型答案中不能出现there

*常考介词要倒装：among between in at beneath

常考的系动词：be lie exist remain rest

部分倒装

1． 否定 adv 位于句首，引起倒装：not only, not until, hardly, scarcely,

seldom, rarely, no sooner…than

1） not until + 时间 + 主谓倒装，not until + 句子+主谓倒装

2） only+状语位于句首

only +ad. eg: recently

prep.短短语 eg: in recently years

从句 eg: when clause

only一个词本身不倒装

3） 在比较级结构中，than后面可以倒装，也可以不倒装。

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

? 1) Neither, nor, so 表示前面句子的共同否定或者肯定，产生倒装，一般主动词提前，谓语动词的其他部分就

4) as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。

as〔让步〕虽然，尽管〔词序倒装。语气比 though 强〕。

Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽成功，却不骄傲。

Women as she is, she's every brave.

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意：A) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。B) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

5) 其他部分倒装

a) so… that 句型中的so; such… that句型中的such位于句首时，需倒装。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

b) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.

c) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again.

四、复合句

从句可分为：

? 名词性从句' 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

? 形容词性从句'定语从句

? 副词性从句'状语从句

" 常考的关系代词：that; which; who/whom/whose; where; when; what; as。

" 常见的同位语从句现行词（that之前的抽象名词）：fact, idea, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, thought, understanding…

" 常用的引导词

o 时间状语从句：while; when; before; whenever; as; after; till; until; since; once; ever since; as/so long as; as soon as; no sooner… than; hardly… when; scarcely/barely… when; the moment/minute/instant; on (the point of) doing…

o 地点状语从句：where; wherever

o 原因状语从句：because; since; as; seeing that; considering that; now that; in that; for fear that; lest; owing to the fact that; because of the fact that; due to the fact that…

o 方式状语从句：as; as if; as though; how; save that…

o 比较状语从句：as; than; as… as; not so… as; hardly… than;

o 结果状语从句：so that; so… that; such… that; so as to…

o 条件状语从句：if; unless; in case; so long as; so far as; provided/providing/that; supposing; granted/granting that…; giving that…

o 让步状语从句：though; although; even if; even though; whether; as; however; no matter (what, how, when); for all that; in spite of the fact that; granted that; regardless of the fact that…

o 目的状语从句：that; so that; in order that; lest; for the fear that; in case…

定语从句:

which 引导的定语从句结构

1）which是关系代词，which后面应该加缺主语或者宾语的句子，

在这个句子中，which要作成分，作主语或者宾语

2）in which+完整的句子

which在定语从句中作in的宾语，所以不能作后面句子的主语

3）名词+of which+谓语动词

of which来修饰名词，名词在定语从句中作主语，所以后面直接跟谓语动词

I have five books three of which are borrowed from Mary.

4）介词+ which +to do 其功能相当于定语从句。

The key with which to open the door is lost.

5）定语从句的省略结构：

1． 如果that / which在定从中作 宾语，可以省略.

sub+vt+n+(which / that)+sub+vt

→s+vt+n+s+v

s+vt+n1+n2+vt

*当做题时，若发现两个名词在一起，但是似乎连不上，则一定省略that /

which，则动词为vt，做谓语。

6）定从的特殊省略

the way (in which) + 句子

the reason (why that)+句子 均为完整句

the time (that / when)+句子

I do remember the first time (that省) I ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.

By the time省that+句子，句子。

7）定从的主系省略（主+系可同时省）

即：which be , who be , that be可同时省

状语从句省略结构

这种省略从句主语的方式理论上需要满足以下两个条件：

第一、特定的状语从句引导词：although though even though when while if as

第二、从句主语和主句主语必须保持一致；

第三、从句的谓语必须是be动词，主语和be动词同进同出，比如上面的they和are要么同时省略，要么同时保留。

高考英语插入语及插入句的用法

在NMET中，插入语屡见不鲜，由于插入语通常与句中其它成分没有语法上的关系，因此给考生的理解带来一定困难。插入语多半用逗号与句子隔开，用来表示说话者对句子所表达的意思的态度。插入语可能是一个词、一个短语或一个句子。

一、常用做插入语的副词

indeed的确， surely无疑， however然而， obviously显然， frankly坦率地说， naturally自然， luckily (或happily) for sb.算某人幸运， fortunately幸好， strangely奇怪， hone stly真的， briefly简单地说等。

1. Surely， she won?t go to China Telecom with you.

当然她不会和你一起去中国电信。

2. Strangely， he has not been to China Unicom. Still more strangely， he has not called me.

奇怪，他未来过中国联通。更奇怪，他没给我打电话。

3. Fortunately， I found the book that I?d lost.

幸亏我找到了已丢失的那本书。

二、常见的作插入语的形容词或其短语

true真的， funny真可笑， strange to say说也奇怪， needless to say不用说， most impor tant of all最为重要， worse still更糟糕的等。

1. Strange to say (或True)， he should have done such a thing.

说也奇怪(或真的)，他竟然做出这样的事。

2. Most important of all， you each over?fulfilled your own task.

更为重要的，你们各自超额完成了自己的任务。

三、常用作插入语的介词短语

in a few words(或in sum， in short)简而言之， in other words换句话说， in a sense在某种意义上， in general一般说来， in my view在我看来， in his opinion(judgment)按照他的意见(判断)， in conclusion总之， in summary概括地说， in fact事实上， in the first place首先， in addition此外， of course当然， to our knowledge据我们所知， to my joy(delight， satisfaction)使我欣慰(高兴、满意)的， to their surprise(astonis hment， amazement)使他们惊奇的， to her regret (disappointment)使她遗憾(失望)的， for instance(或example)例如， as a matter of fact事实上等。